Explore the challenges faced by the French Revolution, from hunger and inflation to radical movements. Discover the emergence of ultra radicals and their violent actions. Unveil the dangerous situation in Paris and the crisis faced by the revolution.
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Quick takeaways
The scarcity of food, inflation, and economic crisis in Paris during the French Revolution led to the emergence of an ultra-radical movement demanding radical reforms and posing a threat to the dominant political factions.
The ultra-radicals, known as the enraged, resonated with the working-class Parisians who were suffering from scarcity and inflation, challenging the Montagnards' role as champions of the people and risking their relationship with the working-class citizens critical to their political power.
The soap and sugar riots fueled by scarcity and rising prices of basic necessities exposed the disconnection between the Jacobins and the needs of the people, diminishing their popular support and creating an opportunity for the ultra-radicals to challenge their position as the voice of the revolutionary left.
Deep dives
Hunger and inflation grips Paris leading to a crisis in 1793
In the winter of 1793, Paris faced a crisis with hunger and inflation gripping the city. The capital was plagued by scarcity of food, leading to bread riots across France. The Legislative Assembly introduced legislation to prevent hoarding and speculation, but it had little impact. The National Convention, which replaced the Legislative Assembly, embraced free market principles and scrapped the new laws. This decision exacerbated the suffering of the people, who demanded price controls and market interventions. The crisis of hunger and economics became the backdrop for the emergence of the ultra-radical movement and posed a threat to both the Girondins and the Montagnards.
The rise of the enraged and the threat to the Montagnards
The emergence of the enraged, or ultra-radical movement, presented a grave danger to the Montagnard faction. The enraged demanded radical economic, social, and political reforms, including price controls and violent measures against the enemies of the Republic. Their demands resonated with the working-class Parisians who were suffering from scarcity and inflation. The Montagnards, who had positioned themselves as champions of the people, now faced competition from the enraged for that role. The growing power of the ultra-radicals threatened the Montagnards' influence and their relationship with the Sankulots, the working-class citizens critical to their political power.
Violent soap and sugar riots grip Paris in February 1793
The soap and sugar riots erupted in Paris in February 1793, driven by the grievances of the working-class population. Fueled by scarcity and rising prices of basic necessities, angry Parisians, led by working women, engaged in riots and looting. The Convention denounced the actions of the rioters, but also blamed each other for the unrest. The Jacobins, associated with the Montagnards, saw their popular support wane as they were perceived to be disconnected from the needs of the people. The emergence of the ultra-radicals further threatened the Jacobins' position as the voice of the revolutionary left.
The mountain faces an existential threat from the enraged
The mountain, the Montagnard faction, found itself in a precarious position due to the rise of the enraged. The ultra-radicals challenged the mountain's position as the true voice of the people of Paris. With increasing disillusionment among the people, the Jacobins were accused of favoring the elites and merchants over the working class. The enraged demanded radical measures to alleviate the suffering of the people, including the purge of the Girondins. The mountain faced the risk of losing its power and influence as the champions of the revolution.
The convention confronted with crises and internal divisions
The National Convention, facing internal divisions between the Girondins and the Montagnards, was confronted with multiple crises in 1793. The convention's adherence to free market principles and its inaction in addressing the suffering of the people led to growing discontent among the working-class citizens. The policy differences between the convention and the emerging ultra-radicals resulted in violent riots. The enraged demanded price controls and the convention struggled to respond effectively. The mounting crises and challenges posed an existential threat to the revolution and forced the convention to consider drastic measures to survive.
Multiple crises radicalise the sans-culottes of the capital, and a new ultra-radical movement emerges on the revolutionary left. Those associated with the Enragés rose to challenge the National Convention, as well as the Girondins and Jacobins who dominated it.
Exclusive Bonus Content (Episode Extras)
1.56.1 The Red Priest - Unpack the past of Jacques Roux, the most iconic leader of the Enragés. Compare how Roux and those like him differ from previous sans-culottes leaders who originated from wealthier origins.
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About
Grey History: The French Revolution and Napoleon is a podcast dedicated to exploring the complexities of our history. By examining both the experiences of contemporaries and the conclusions of historians, Grey History seeks to unpack the ambiguities and nuances of the past. Understanding the French Revolution and the age of Napoleon is critical to understanding the history of the world, so join us on a journey through a series of events that would be almost unbelievable if it weren't for the fact that it's true! If you're looking for a binge-worthy history podcast on the Revolution and Napoleon, you're in the right place! Enjoy the Revolutions podcast? You'll love this! Did you know that the policies demanded by the sans-culottes impacted the administrations of both the Napoleonic Empire and later French Republics?