Grounding the Plagues in Real Phenomena Along the Nile

The plagues described in the Exodus narrative are all based on natural phenomena that would have been familiar to the Egyptians living in the Nile Delta region. Kenneth Kitchen highlights that these plagues involve real entities such as river fish, frogs, cattle, insects, and humans, reflecting the observable realities along the Nile. While the 10th plague stands out as supernatural, the preceding plagues like the water turning to blood and the invasion of frogs could be readily observed and understood in the geographic context of ancient Egypt.