So Death Doth Touch the Resurrection: Death and Human Nature | Sr. Elinor Gardner, O.P.
Dec 6, 2024
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Sr. Elinor Gardner, O.P., an Affiliate Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dallas, leads a thought-provoking discussion on death and human nature. She delves into Clarence Darrow's philosophical arguments against the soul and immortality, sparking a debate on empirical evidence versus ancient beliefs. The conversation also highlights St. Thomas Aquinas’s views on the immortal soul and the significance of abstract reasoning. Gardner explores early Christian beliefs about bodily resurrection, illuminating how they foster hope for eternal life.
Clarence Darrow's critique of the belief in an immortal soul reveals a disconnect between professed faith and fear of death.
St. Thomas Aquinas synthesizes Plato and Aristotle's views, affirming the soul's immortality through the necessity of an immaterial thinker.
Deep dives
Clarence Darrow's Skepticism Towards the Soul
Clarence Darrow's essay, 'The Myth of the Soul,' raises fundamental questions about the belief in immortality and the existence of the soul. Darrow argues that such beliefs are neither necessary nor desirable, suggesting they are merely wishful thinking. He posits that people who claim to believe in an immortal soul often still fear death and attempt to prolong their lives, indicating a disconnect between belief and action. This perspective challenges the legitimacy of the belief in an immortal soul by highlighting that those who profess faith in it do not typically embrace death with acceptance.
Philosophical Perspectives on the Soul
Ancient thinkers like Plato and Aristotle held contrasting views about the soul, influencing the ongoing debate about its existence and immortality. While Plato's philosophy emphasizes the soul's immortality, Aristotle views human beings as a unity of body and soul, complicating the notion of the soul's existence beyond physical death. Even the Epicureans, despite their materialism, acknowledged some form of the soul, though they believed it dissipated after death. Both philosophers acknowledge the importance of the soul, but their interpretations offer diverse paths for understanding its fate after death.
Aquinas' Synthesis of Philosophical Traditions
St. Thomas Aquinas effectively synthesizes the ideas of Plato and Aristotle regarding the soul, presenting it as both a spiritual and a crucial aspect of the body-soul unity. Aquinas argues that human intellectual activity, which is immaterial, necessitates that humans possess an immortal soul. By demonstrating that thought and spiritual activity require an immaterial thinker, Aquinas bolsters the case for the soul's indestructibility. His insights reinforce the belief in the soul's continuation after death, integrating reason and faith seamlessly in a robust theological framework.
The Resurrection of the Body as a Christian Hope
The Christian doctrine of the resurrection of the body offers a profound hope that complements beliefs regarding the immortality of the soul. This belief is uniquely Christian, as it suggests the reunion of the soul with a glorified body, differing from ancient ideas such as reincarnation. Through the resurrection of Jesus, Christians find both empirical evidence and theological foundation for their faith in resurrection, enhancing their belief in the soul's immortality. This perspective not only alleviates fears of death but also provides a pathway to divine communion, underscoring the significance of faith in the resurrection.
Sr. Elinor Gardner begins by examining Clarence Darrow's essay "The Myth of the Soul," which argues that belief in the soul is neither necessary nor desirable. She then delves into what Plato and Aristotle have to say about the soul, contrasting their different understandings on the nature of the soul and its fate after death. Sr. Gardner concludes by discussing the Christian understanding of the soul, evidenced by the testimony of the apostles regarding the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
This lecture was given on September 21st, 2024, at University of South Florida.
Sister Elinor Gardner, O.P., is Affiliate Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dallas. Prior to arriving at UD, she taught at Aquinas College (Nashville, TN) and at The Catholic University of America, and spent one year assisting in formation at her Congregation’s Novitiate. She has a PhD from Boston College with a doctorate titled “St Thomas Aquinas on the Death Penalty.” Besides the ethical and political philosophy of Aquinas, her other research interests include the Christian anthropology of Robert Spaemann and Edith Stein.
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