Dive into the intriguing world of immunology, where researchers unveil the role of micelles in drug delivery. Discover how helminth infections may influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Highlights include investigations on TLR7 and immune cell behavior in juvenile arthritis and newborns. The discussion also explores microbiome effects on immune signaling and groundbreaking cytokine therapies for cancer. Finally, learn about innovative techniques in targeted immunotherapy and the pivotal role of regulatory T cells in minimizing allograft rejection.
Research on TLR7 overexpression in myeloid cells reveals potential therapeutic targets for juvenile arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome.
Innovative cytokine engineering techniques enhance tumor targeting in immunotherapy while reducing systemic side effects and improving anti-tumor efficacy.
Deep dives
Myeloid Cell Research Advances
Recent discussions highlighted significant advancements in myeloid cell research, particularly regarding TLR7 overexpression and its implications for juvenile arthritis. Jessica Hammerman presented findings indicating that mice with TLR7 overexpression exhibited enlarged spleens and connections to a unique subset of splenic hemophagocytes linked to macrophage activation syndrome. This discovery opens avenues for identifying new therapeutic targets, including the protective role of IRF-5 deficiency. Another notable finding came from Ping Lok's research on helminth infections, which suggested a correlation between helminth exposure and a protective immune response against SARS-CoV, attributed to enhanced T cell activity.
Engineering Cytokines for Immunotherapy
Innovative approaches in immunotherapy were discussed, particularly through the engineering of cytokines to improve tumor targeting. Jeffrey Hubble introduced a method of fusing cytokines like IL-12 with collagen-binding domains, enhancing their localization within tumors while minimizing systemic side effects. This targeted delivery improved anti-tumor efficacy, especially when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, there were examples of synthetic nanocarriers developed for specific immune modulation, showcasing how modifications in polymer structures can optimize therapeutic delivery.
Regulatory T Cell Function and Modulation
New insights emerged regarding the modulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their impact on graft survival and autoimmune responses. Research by Mandy Ford revealed that the FC gamma receptor 2B on CD8 T cells serves as an inhibitory receptor linked with lower allograft rejection rates, with FGL2 being a significant suppressive cytokine involved. Other studies discussed the role of interferon-beta in boosting Treg populations, leading to improved outcomes in transplantation models. Findings also indicated the importance of other factors, such as erythropoietin, in promoting Treg differentiation, reinforcing the need for diverse approaches in enhancing immune tolerance.
In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Washington, DC, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the fourth of five special episodes from the meeting. Brenda and Jason talk about micelles for drug delivery and how helminth infection affects susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
