Jack Goldsmith and Bob Bauer on Reforming the Insurrection Act
Apr 12, 2024
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Legal scholars Jack Goldsmith and Bob Bauer discuss the need to reform the Insurrection Act, highlighting the historical context, recent crises, and recommendations for reform. They emphasize the balance of presidential authority, the importance of clearer terms and limits on executive power, and the necessity for congressional oversight to prevent misuse. The discussion explores judicial review, procedural reforms, and steps to ensure proper military use under the Act.
Reforming the Insurrection Act involves tightening triggers for presidential invocation and establishing clear deployment conditions to prevent potential abuses.
The Insurrection Act, dating back to the 1790s, was designed to safeguard states from invasion and domestic violence, evolving to enable the president's intervention during crises.
Presidents have historically utilized the Insurrection Act, but recent concerns highlight the necessity for curbing executive powers, enhancing accountability, and establishing oversight measures.
Deep dives
The History and Relevance of the Insurrection Act
The Insurrection Act, a provision allowing the president to deploy the US military for domestic law enforcement, has been invoked numerous times throughout history. This federal law, existing for over 230 years, has gained attention due to its usage during various domestic crises, sparking discussions on the necessity for reform. A recent set of reform principles proposed by the American Law Institute, co-chaired by Jack Goldsmith and Bob Bauer, sheds light on the need to update this long-standing legislation.
Understanding the Origins and Purpose of the Insurrection Act
Originating in the 1790s, the Insurrection Act was created to empower the federal government to protect states from invasion or domestic violence, crucial for maintaining order and upholding federal laws. Congress has granted the president authority under this act in extreme circumstances to address insurrections and ensure law enforcement. Continuous revisions over the years expanded the act's scope, emphasizing its importance in preserving order during critical situations.
Critical Assessment of Presidential Uses of the Insurrection Act
Presidents have historically invoked the Insurrection Act to address crises, with approximately 30 uses over 232 years. Notable instances include enforcing desegregation orders and addressing civil disruptions. However, recent attention has focused on potential abuses, raising concerns about the broad powers granted to the executive. The lack of defined triggers and oversight has underscored the necessity for reform.
Proposed Reform Principles for the Insurrection Act
The recommendations for reforming the Insurrection Act emphasize tightening the triggers for presidential invocation and establishing clear conditions for deployment. The reform proposals suggest limiting the president's authority, requiring consultation with state governors, reporting to Congress, imposing time constraints, and streamlining congressional review processes. These principles aim to enhance accountability and prevent potential misuse of the Insurrection Act.
Challenges and Controversies Surrounding Insurrection Act Reform
While reforming the Insurrection Act is essential for addressing potential abuses and ensuring accountability, challenges lie in navigating the political landscape. Bipartisan support, a comprehensive approach, and broadening discussions beyond specific administrations are crucial for successful reform. Engaging in a transparent and inclusive dialogue, focused on the structural flaws of the legislation, will be key to passing meaningful reform in 2024.
The Insurrection Act is a provision that allows the president to deploy the U.S. military for domestic law enforcement. It’s been invoked dozens of times by presidents to respond to crises in the over 230 years that it’s been around, but it hasn’t been reformed in centuries. In recent years, the Insurrection Act has come back into public focus because of its implication in a number of domestic crises, prompting a renewed conversation about whether it’s finally time to curb the sweeping powers afforded to the executive in this unique federal law.
On April 8, the American Law Institute released a set of principles for Insurrection Act reform, prepared by a group of 10 individuals with backgrounds in constitutional law, national security law, and military law. The co-chairs of this group were Jack Goldsmith, Lawfare Co-Founder and Harvard Law School Professor, and Bob Bauer, Professor of Practice and Distinguished Scholar in Residence at New York University School of Law. They joined Lawfare Associate Editor Hyemin Han to talk about the history of the Insurrection Act, to parse out the recommendations the American Law Institute is making for reform, and to make the case for reforming the act in 2024.