The Distinction of Essence and Existence | Prof. Edward Feser
Apr 21, 2024
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Prof. Edward Feser discusses the essence-existence distinction, Aquinas' viewpoint, and objections to the argument. The conversation explores real essences in natural objects, object unity, and the role of essence in scientific realism. It also touches on Aquinas' argument for a first cause of existence and the influence of Platonism on analytic thought.
Knowing essence does not entail existence, highlighting a real distinction.
Aquinas links essence-existence to God, supporting a compelling existence argument.
Objections challenge essence-existence, countered with nuanced arguments.
Essentialism underscores essence's role in shaping natural order.
Deep dives
Arguments for the Real Distinction Between Essence and Existence
There are several arguments presented for the real distinction between essence and existence. One key argument is the knowledge argument, which highlights that knowing a thing's essence does not necessarily mean knowing whether it exists. This implies a fundamental difference between understanding what something is and its actual existence, pointing to a real distinction beyond linguistic or conceptual delineations.
Aquinas' Argument for God's Existence as the First Cause
Aquinas famously connects the distinction between essence and existence to God's existence as the first cause. By asserting that essence and existence are distinct, Aquinas lays the groundwork for a compelling argument for the existence of God as the ultimate cause of all existence. This argument underscores the significance of the essence-existence dichotomy in leading to profound theological implications.
Addressing Common Objections to the Real Distinction Arguments
Addressing skepticism towards the real distinction between essence and existence, the podcast delves into various objections raised against this concept. Responding to critiques like Kenny's critique and questioning substitutivity in intentional contexts, the discussion explores the nuanced nature of these objections and offers counterarguments to support the validity of the essence-existence dichotomy.
Essentialism and the Unity of Natural Objects
The discussion extends to the philosophical concept of essentialism and its implications for the unity and nature of natural objects. Delving into the unity observed in relationships between objects and their consistent behavior, the essentialist perspective argues for the pervasive reality of essence in shaping the fundamental characteristics and order observed in the natural world.
Final Reflections on Essence and Existence in Philosophical Context
In conclusion, the podcast reflects on essential philosophical questions surrounding essence and existence. Delving into the complexities of defining essences, the limits of human understanding in discerning essence, and the overall impact of these concepts on metaphysical and theological discourses, the discussion encapsulates a comprehensive exploration of essence and existence in philosophical thought.
The Concept of Essence in Modern Physics
Modern physicists focus on uncovering the inherent powers of objects when external influences are eliminated. This approach differs from popular inductive reasoning, emphasizing a few specialized experiments to reveal universal natures or essences. Brian Ellis highlights the necessity of essences to underpin natural laws, citing distinct chemical substances as examples of independently existing natural kinds with real and absolute differences.
Challenges to Conventional Essences and Mind Dependence
Critiques against conventional essences point out the incoherence of considering all essences as products of human cognition. The notion of mind dependence faces internal contradictions when applied universally, as it implies a self-referential dependency. Acknowledging at least one real essence, such as the essence of the mind, is necessary. Arguments supporting mind-independent essences contribute to the Thomistic proof for a first cause of existence, emphasizing the significance of ontologically distinct essences in philosophical reasoning.
