Henri Bergson's 'Matter and Memory' delves into the relationship between consciousness, memory, and the material world. Bergson challenges traditional views of memory as a static storehouse of information, proposing instead a dynamic, evolving memory that shapes our perception of reality. He explores the role of perception in action, arguing that we perceive only what we can act upon. The book's central theme is the interplay between the material and the mental, emphasizing the active role of consciousness in shaping our experience. Bergson's ideas have influenced various fields, including psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy.
Henri Bergson's "Time and Free Will" is a philosophical work exploring the nature of time, consciousness, and free will. Bergson challenges the mechanistic view of time prevalent in his era, arguing for a more intuitive and dynamic understanding of duration. He contrasts this with the spatialized, measurable time of science. The book delves into the relationship between consciousness and action, arguing that free will is not an illusion but a fundamental aspect of human experience. Bergson's ideas have had a significant impact on philosophy, psychology, and literature, influencing various schools of thought, including existentialism and phenomenology. His work continues to be relevant in contemporary discussions about consciousness and the nature of time.
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When you play hide and seek, as you do on a regular basis I'm sure, and you count to ten before shouting, "Ready or not, here I come," how do you keep track of time? Is it a clock in your brain, as many neuroscientists assume and therefore search for in their research? Or is it something else? Maybe the rhythm of your vocalization as you say, "one-one thousand, two-one thousand"? Even if you’re counting silently, could it be that you’re imagining the movements of speaking aloud and tracking those virtual actions? My guest today, neuroscientist David Robbe, believes we don't rely on clocks in our brains, or measure time internally, or really that we measure time at all. Rather, our estimation of time emerges through our interactions with the world around us and/or the world within us as we behave.
David is group leader of the Cortical-Basal Ganglia Circuits and Behavior Lab at the Institute of Mediterranean Neurobiology. His perspective on how organisms measure time is the result of his own behavioral experiments with rodents, and by revisiting one of his favorite philosophers, Henri Bergson. So in this episode, we discuss how all of this came about - how neuroscientists have long searched for brain activity that measures or keeps track of time in areas like the basal ganglia, which is the brain region David focuses on, how the rodents he studies behave in surprising ways when he asks them to estimate time intervals, and how Bergson introduce the world to the notion of durée, our lived experience and feeling of time.
0:00 - Intro
3:59 - Why behavior is so important in itself
10:27 - Henri Bergson
21:17 - Bergson's view of life
26:25 - A task to test how animals time things
34:08 - Back to Bergson and duree
39:44 - Externalizing time
44:11 - Internal representation of time
1:03:38 - Cognition as internal movement
1:09:14 - Free will
1:15:27 - Implications for AI
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