The podcast explores the history and impact of hibachi restaurants in America, focusing on the life of Rocky Aoki. It discusses the art of hibachi cooking and features interviews with hibachi chefs who share their perspectives. The episode also dives into the struggle of Asian Americans to be recognized as truly American and highlights a former hibachi chef's journey to open his own food truck.
The success of hibachi restaurants like Benihana in the US is attributed to clever marketing strategies, self-mythologizing, and the combination of exotic ambiance with familiar food, tapping into the growing fascination with Japan.
The performance aspect of hibachi, where chefs entertain customers with tricks and jokes, raises questions about cultural appropriation, perpetuation of stereotypes, and the pressure to conform to customer expectations.
Deep dives
The Rise of Habachi: A Savvy Showman's Legacy
Habachi restaurants like Benihana have become popular in the US, combining exotic ambiance with Japanese-inspired food. The founder, Rocky Aoki, utilized clever marketing strategies and self-mythologizing to create a successful chain. However, the performance aspect of Habachi where chefs entertain customers with tricks and jokes has faced criticism for perpetuating stereotypes. Some chefs, like Ricky Bobby, embrace the showmanship and push boundaries by lighting objects, including their hats and coats, on fire. Others, like Perry Saito, have found it problematic and have left the industry due to pressure to portray exaggerated Asian stereotypes. This raises questions about the cultural appropriation and self-exoticization in the restaurant industry.
The Birth of Benihana and Habachi in America
In the 1960s, Rocky Aoki opened the first Benihana restaurant in New York City, introducing Americans to the concept of Habachi. Combining exotic Japanese ambiance with familiar food like beef, chicken, and shrimp, Benihana became a hit. The timing of its success was notable, as it followed a history of Japanese-Americans facing racism and discrimination. The post-World War II era saw a shift in perception towards the Japanese, and Rocky capitalized on the growing fascination with Japan among Americans. He created a brand that represented both showmanship and orientalized perceptions of Japan.
The Performance and Competition of Habachi Chefs
Habachi chefs, like Ricky Bobby, have embraced the role of entertainer while cooking. Ricky, known for his tricks and jokes, believes in going above and beyond to captivate the audience. These chefs constantly innovate and push boundaries, using fire and daring maneuvers. However, there is a pressure to conform to customer expectations, which often involve exaggerated accents and stereotypes. Perry Saito, a former Habachi chef, discusses how playing up these stereotypes and jokes may lead to better tips but reinforces the perpetual foreigner narrative for Asian-Americans.
Cultural Significance and Challenges in the Habachi Industry
The rise of Habachi restaurants highlights the ongoing challenges faced by Asian-Americans in America. The theatrical performances and ethnic play-acting in the industry contribute to the perpetuation of stereotypes and the struggle to be seen as legitimately American. Moreover, these portrayals impact not only restaurant experiences but also extend to other areas like media representation. This reveals the complex dynamics of consumer expectations, economic incentives, and self-expression within the Habachi industry, sparking important conversations about cultural appropriation and authenticity.
In 1964 Rocky Aoki, a Japanese immigrant, created hibachi restaurants in America when he opened his first Benihana. Rocky later said that he based his concept on the idea that "Americans enjoy eating in exotic surroundings, but are deeply mistrustful of exotic foods.” The restaurant took off, but Rocky's legacy is complicated. In this week's show we hear from people who knew Rocky, and we talk with a hibachi chef who's one of the more daring performers you'll find. We also hear from a former hibachi chef who says he was pushed to act "more Japanese" — and how that affected the way he thought about himself. And we answer the question of why certain cuisines are seen as “perpetually foreign” with the help of Professor Robert Ku.
This episode originally aired on March 11, 2019. It was produced by Dan Pashman, Anne Saini, Ngofeen Mputubwele, Gianna Palmer, Jared O’Connell, and Harry Wood. The Sporkful team now includes Dan Pashman, Emma Morgenstern, Andres O'Hara, Nora Ritchie, and Jared O'Connell.