Interview Episode - Russian Rulers History Podcast & Catherine the Great
Sep 16, 2022
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Guest Mark Schauss, host of the Russian Rulers History Podcast, discusses Catherine the Great's influential policies, surprising ascent to the throne, relationship with French philosophers, and her attitude towards the French Revolution. They also explore her strained relationship with her son, Paul, and her association with the Enlightenment.
Catherine the Great's reign saw significant advancements in education, women's roles, and arts, literature, and sciences.
Despite her initial alignment with Enlightenment thinkers, Catherine's autocratic rule and limited reforms created a disconnect between her rhetoric and actions.
Deep dives
Catherine the Great's Background and Rise to Power
Catherine the Great was born in Germany as Sophia Frederica Augusta von Unhalt Zerst Dornberg. She married Peter III, her second cousin, to strengthen alliances between Russia and Prussia. After the death of Empress Elizabeth, Catherine orchestrated a coup with the backing of the military to overthrow Peter III and claim the throne. Although her reign began with liberal intentions influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like Diderot and Voltaire, Catherine's rule became more autocratic over time.
Catherine's Achievements and Cultural Legacy
During her 34-year reign, Catherine the Great made significant accomplishments. She expanded education, elevated the role of women in society, and patronized the arts, literature, and sciences. Catherine's personal collection of art became the foundation for the Hermitage Museum, and she encouraged the development of Russian literature with writers like Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Chekhov. She also prioritized the smallpox vaccination, setting an example by being vaccinated herself and promoting its safety and effectiveness.
Military Endeavors and Geopolitical Challenges
Catherine dealt with various military conflicts and geopolitical challenges during her reign. Russia faced threats from the Ottoman Empire, Sweden, and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Catherine actively sought to gain territories through wars and partitions, notably expanding Russian control in Poland. However, her involvement in the French Revolution was limited due to various factors, including her priority of securing Poland, exhaustion from prior conflicts, and divergent interests among European powers.
Catherine's Perception of the French Revolution and Enlightenment Ideals
Catherine the Great detested the French Revolution and viewed it as a threat to monarchy and stability. She had a mixed relationship with Enlightenment ideals, promoting education and liberal ideas but falling short in implementing widespread reforms. Her correspondence with Enlightenment thinkers like Diderot and Voltaire showcased her interest in liberal ideas. However, Catherine's autocratic rule and limited progress on social issues left many of these ideals unfulfilled, leading to a disconnect between her rhetoric and actions.
Catherine the Great is one of the most intriguing and consequential monarchs of the 18th century. Mark Schauss from the Russian Rulers History Podcast joins me for a wide-ranging interview on Catherine's reign. In this episode, we discuss Catherine's influential policies, politics, and wars, as well as her surprising ascent to the Russian throne. We also discuss Catherine's relationship with the Enlightenment and leading French philosophers, along with her attitude towards the French Revolution.