The podcast delves into the multivocality of Scripture, discussing the disagreements and conversations among biblical writers. They explore Paul's belief in the imminent end of the world and the complexities of Bible stories. The speakers raise questions about the contradictions and multiple interpretations in the Bible. They also discuss the authorship of Luke and Acts, the complexities of resurrection, and the influence of Judaism and Greco-Roman culture on the New Testament. The chapter ends with a discussion about audience involvement and expressions of gratitude.
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Quick takeaways
The early Christians grappled with the delay of the end times, emphasizing the need to focus on being witnesses for Jesus rather than obsessing over its imminent arrival.
The complexity and interpretive challenges of the Bible are evident in passages concerning the end times, leading to differing expectations and interpretations among biblical authors.
The author of Luke and Acts takes a moderating approach to the expectation of the end times, emphasizing that the specific timing is not for disciples to know and encouraging a balanced understanding.
Deep dives
The Imminent Expectation of the End
In the early Christian church, there was a strong belief that the end of the world was imminent, as expressed by Paul and reflected in the writings of the gospels. However, as time passed and the end did not come, the early Christians had to grapple with this expectation. Luke addressed this issue in his gospel by historicizing the end times language and emphasizing that the timing was not for them to know. The early Christians were urged to focus on being witnesses for Jesus rather than obsessing over the end.
The Complexity of the Bible
The exploration of the New Testament highlights the complexity of the Bible and the interpretative challenges it presents. Certain passages, such as the predictions of the end times, led to differing expectations and interpretations among biblical authors. The authors grappled with these issues, as seen in the Gospel of Mark, Matthew, and Luke, where they navigate the tension between the imminent expectation of the end and the realization that it did not come as expected. Luke also adds caution against false prophets who would claim to know the nearness of the end, pointing to the complexity of understanding these eschatological matters.
The Moderating Voice in Luke and Acts
The author of Luke and Acts has a moderating voice in dealing with the expectation of the end times. In Acts, Jesus dismisses questions about the restoration of the kingdom of Israel, emphasizing that it is not for the disciples to know the specific timing. This demonstrates an awareness within the early Christian community that the end was not immediately forthcoming and that the focus shifted to other aspects of the faith. By providing an alternate perspective, the author seeks to moderate misconceptions and encourage a balanced approach to understanding the end times.
Navigating Uncertainty and Complexity
The early Christians' grappling with the delay of the end times and the recognition of uncertainty and complexity within the biblical texts can serve as a helpful antidote to rigid or simplistic interpretations. It highlights the fallibility of human beings and the need for discernment when engaging with the Bible. Recognizing the complexity of the text and the multiple voices within it can enhance understanding and promote a more nuanced approach to faith.
Exploring the multi-vocality and relevance of the Hebrew Bible
The podcast episode delves into the question of how the Hebrew Bible, with its ancient and superstitious elements, has managed to persist and inspire art in the Western world. It highlights the tension within the Old Testament itself, where certain passages support the authority of kings and power while others challenge it, advocating for justice and care for the poor. The episode emphasizes that the Old Testament is not a simplistic reading but contains immense psychological, political, and theological nuances. It encourages a deeper exploration of the text and a recognition of its multi-vocality and relevance.
The evolving theological understandings in biblical literature
The conversation in the podcast touches upon the evolving understandings of God and theological concepts in biblical literature. It highlights how the perspectives in the Bible change over time, reflecting advancements in cosmology, astronomy, and scientific understanding. The episode emphasizes the need to embrace these changes and not hold onto ancient ideas as dogma. It underscores the importance of rethinking and reinterpreting theological concepts in light of new knowledge. The episode concludes by encouraging a faith that is based on trust and humility rather than rigid adherence to fixed beliefs.
As Dan has wrestled with his understanding of the Bible over the years, one issue has taken center stage in his mind: the multivocality of Scripture. In other words: if we take the Bible as we find it, it becomes clear that voices of biblical writers are in disagreement and conversation with each other, across and even within books of the Bible. And, it turns out, many listeners are also curious about this topic. So what better focus for this conversation with New Testament scholar James F. McGrath. They get fairly nerdy and deep into biblical scholarship on this one, so fair warning!
James’ Book “The A to Z of the New Testament: Things Experts Know That Everyone Else Should Too”: