The Sacraments in General: Character and Institution/Causation | Fr. Thomas Joseph White, O.P.
Apr 22, 2024
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Fr. Thomas Joseph White, O.P., delves into the significance of sacramental character in baptism, confirmation, and holy orders, discussing their indelible mark. He explores Aquinas' theory on character, the importance of confession for spiritual growth, and the causes and institution of sacraments, including Christological causality. The podcast navigates the complexities of sacraments, ministerial intention, and sacramental validity despite human imperfections.
Sacraments like baptism confer an indelible character on the soul, representing a permanent spiritual transformation.
The theology of character in sacraments like confirmation and holy orders emphasizes the irrepeatable nature of certain sacraments.
Aquinas emphasizes the immaterial quality of character infused into the intellect, guiding actions within the Church.
Deep dives
Character Imprints a Permanent Change
Some sacraments like baptism, confirmation, and holy orders imprint an irrepeatable and indelible change on the spiritual soul. This mark or character cannot be undone, representing a significant transformation that remains permanent. Despite not explicitly mentioned in the New Testament, the theology of character is rooted in the historical liturgical practices of the Church, emphasizing the irrepeatable nature of certain sacraments.
Character and Irrepeatability of Sacraments
Baptism exemplifies the irrepeatability of character; once baptized, individuals retain this mark even if they stray away from the Church or commit apostasy. Similarly, confirmation and holy orders leave an indelible mark, constituting an aspect of character that persists regardless of subsequent actions or beliefs. The Church refrains from reordaining individuals who return after apostasy, honoring the permanence of the character conferred through these sacraments.
Theological Understanding of Character
The theology of character, crucial in sacramental discussions, was a central point of contention during the Donatist controversy in the third and fourth centuries. Understanding character involves recognizing the ontological change that occurs through sacraments like baptism, confirmation, and holy orders. The concept of character signifies a spiritual power infused into the soul, which irrepeatably marks an individual, contributing to the theological debates on the nature of sacramental grace.
Aquinas' Perspective on Character
Aquinas delves into the concept of character, delving into whether it is a substantial or accidental aspect of the soul. He emphasizes that character is an immaterial quality, specifically a power of the soul, associated with the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, and holy orders. Aquinas asserts that the character is infused into the intellect, not the will, highlighting the spiritual nature of this mark and its role in guiding individuals' actions within the Church.
Institution and Authority in Sacraments
Examining the institution of the sacraments, a critical aspect is the authority and power associated with Christ in conferring these sacraments. Aquinas explores the dual nature of Christ's power in the sacraments, distinguishing between his authority as God and his power of excellence as man. The sacraments' stability and dependability are upheld despite potential human defects, emphasizing the trustworthiness of Christ's sanctifying grace perpetuated through the sacramental life of the Church.