Why is the US Army struggling to recruit new soldiers?
Jan 11, 2024
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The podcast explores why the US Army is struggling to recruit new soldiers, addressing factors such as the perception that wars are fought by others, a lack of understanding about military issues, and decreasing number of young people meeting military standards. It also discusses the challenges faced by the Army in recruiting efforts, the necessity of a robust force despite technological advancements, and the impact of low unemployment, mental and physical health conditions, and the pandemic on recruitment. Additionally, it explores the shift in public opinion and the military's role in America's culture wars.
The US Army is struggling to recruit new soldiers due to factors such as a decline in eligible recruits, physical fitness levels, and mental health concerns, as well as the strong civilian job market and lack of public awareness.
The recruitment crisis in the US Army poses risks to its global capabilities and ability to provide protection and support to allies, as units are understaffed and unable to conduct peacetime exercises despite advancements in technology.
Deep dives
Reasons behind US Army's struggle to recruit enough soldiers
The US Army has been facing challenges in recruiting enough soldiers, especially in its largest branch, the army. Factors contributing to this include a decline in the number of eligible recruits, a drop in physical fitness levels, and mental health concerns. The strong civilian job market and economic conditions also make military recruitment more difficult. Furthermore, there is a disconnect between the military and the general public, as most Americans have no interaction with the military and often lack knowledge about it. This lack of awareness compounds the recruiting crisis. These issues have resulted in the army failing to meet its recruitment targets, leading to its smallest full-time force since World War II.
Importance of the US Army in international security and its staffing challenges
The US Army plays a crucial role in international security by defending allies and partners. It has soldiers stationed in various countries to provide protection and support. However, the army is currently understaffed and faces challenges in meeting its end-strength requirements. Insufficient recruitment has led to units being understaffed and an inability to conduct peacetime exercises. Despite advancements in technology, ground forces, including infantry, remain essential to modern warfare. The army argues that a robust force is necessary, even with technological advancements. The recruitment crisis poses risks to the army's capabilities on a global stage.
Declining public trust and cultural factors affecting military recruitment
The US Army's recruitment challenges are not only influenced by external factors such as the economy and eligibility criteria but also the changing public perception of the military. Public trust in the armed services has declined over recent years, particularly among Republicans. Cultural wars and debates about the military's focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion have created divisions. Concerns about sexual assault and harassment within the military also deter potential recruits, especially women. These cultural factors, albeit not primary drivers of the recruiting crisis, contribute to reduced confidence and recommendation for military service. Incrementally, they make recruiting more difficult.
Strategies to address US Army's recruiting difficulties
To mitigate the recruiting challenges, the US Army is implementing short-term and long-term strategies. Short-term actions include increasing retention rates and looking to successful recruitment practices from the past. The army acknowledges the importance of retaining existing soldiers to compensate for lower recruitment numbers. In the long term, the army is reevaluating eligibility criteria and pilot programs are being conducted to explore the impact of certain medical conditions, including mental health diagnoses. Adjustments may be made to allow those previously deemed ineligible to join. Despite the current obstacles, the resilience of the all-volunteer force is acknowledged, and the army believes that, with necessary resources and adaptability, it can overcome these challenges.
In 1973 America ended a draft that had been in effect since before it entered the second World War, and for the last fifty years the US Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines have been an all-volunteer military.
But, recently, of the four major branches which make up the US armed services, only the Marines have achieved their target for new recruits. And the biggest force, the Army, has been struggling most of all. In the past two years its missed its recruiting target by several thousand.
In this edition of the Inquiry, Sandra Kanthal looks at the myriad reasons the American Army is failing to enlist enough new soldiers, and why this may affect what impact it can have on global security.
Guests:
Nora Bensahel – Professor of the Practice at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University
Mark Cancian - Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies
Peter Feaver – Professor of Political Science and Public Policy, Duke University and author of Thanks For Your Service: The Causes and Consequences of Public Confidence in the US Military
Beth Asch – Senior Economist, The Rand Corporation
Production Team:
Presenter: Sandra Kanthal
Producer: Sandra Kanthal
Editor: Tara McDermott
Technical Producer: James Beard
Production Co-ordinator: Tim Fernley
Image Credit: Bo Zaunders\Getty
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