The City of God and the Earthly City: War and Peace | Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P.
Sep 20, 2024
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Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P., a professor of patristics and ancient languages, delves into Augustine’s influential concepts of the 'City of God' and the earthly city. He discusses the moral complexities of just wars and the role of faith in achieving true peace. Fr. Hofer critiques modern interpretations while emphasizing the importance of divine grace over superficial happiness. The conversation artfully weaves together themes of humility, love, and the pursuit of eternal life, providing both contemporary relevance and theological depth.
Augustine's evolving stance on coercion in faith highlights the tension between his initial advocacy for discourse and later support for imperial edicts.
The dichotomy between the City of God and the earthly city emphasizes that true peace and happiness stem from selfless love for God rather than earthly desires.
Deep dives
Augustine's Change on Imperial Persecution
Augustine's shift in perspective towards the imperial persecution of the Donatists illustrates his evolving views on faith and coercion. Initially, he held the belief that individuals should not be forced into Christian unity, advocating for discourse over force. However, the conversion of his hometown and the perceived need for unity led him to support the edict issued by Emperor Honorius in 405. This change underscores the complexity of Augustine's thought, as he reconciled his earlier beliefs with the practical realities he observed in society.
The Context of City of God
Augustine's 'City of God' was written in the wake of Rome's fall to the Goths, addressing the ensuing chaos and the intersection of the divine and earthly realms. The work aims to defend the Christian faith against pagan criticisms, particularly in light of the city's demise, which many attributed to the abandonment of traditional Roman gods. Furthermore, Augustine illustrates the precariousness of earthly authority through the narrative of Marcellinus, reflecting on the broader implications of faith in a tumultuous world. This dual purpose of defending Christianity while articulating a vision of divine justice is central to Augustine's philosophy.
The Contrast Between Two Cities
Augustine articulates a profound dichotomy between the City of God and the earthly city, framed by themes of love and order. The City of God thrives on selfless love for God, leading to eternal peace, while the earthly city is characterized by self-love and turmoil. Augustine emphasizes that true peace can only be achieved through the right ordering of desires, aligning them toward God rather than towards personal or earthly gains. This perspective serves as both a critique of societal norms and an exhortation to seek a higher understanding of happiness and fulfillment.
The Pursuit of True Happiness
In discussing happiness, Augustine critiques the human striving for joy through earthly means, emphasizing that true happiness is a gift from God rather than a product of human endeavor. He contrasts the fleeting contentment of the earthly city with the everlasting joy found in the City of God, advocating for a life aligned with divine grace and humility. Augustine's reflections also call out the emptiness of seeking fulfillment through power or domination, suggesting that humility leads to a deeper connection with God. This theological framework encourages believers and non-believers alike to seek peace through faith and a true understanding of their own human condition.
Fr. Andrew Hofer explores St. Augustine’s City of God where he presents a comprehensive view of human history and destiny, contrasting the earthly city driven by self-love with the heavenly city founded on love of God. He argues that true peace and happiness can only be achieved through faith, humility, and divine grace, rather than human efforts to create happiness. Augustine also discusses just wars, the universal desire for peace, and the various levels of peace, ultimately pointing to the perfect peace found in the heavenly city.
This lecture was given on June 13th, 2024, at The Catholic University of America.
Fr. Andrew Hofer, O.P., (Ph.D. Notre Dame) is professor of patristics and ancient languages at the Pontifical Faculty of the Dominican House of Studies where he serves as the director of the doctoral program. He authored Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus (Oxford University Press, 2013) and The Power of Patristic Preaching: The Word in Our Flesh (Catholic University of America, 2023). He co-authored A Living Sacrifice: Guidance for Men Discerning Religious Life (Vianney Vocations, 2019). Editor-in-chief of the academic journal The Thomist, Hofer is editor or co-editor of several volumes including The Oxford Handbook of Deification, The Cambridge Companion to Augustine's Sermons, and Thomas Aquinas and the Greek Fathers. He enjoys speaking with students about their theological and spiritual questions.
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