Randy Barnett, one of America's foremost jurists and a professor at Georgetown Law, discusses unenumerated rights in the context of the 9th and 10th amendments. The podcast covers the evolution of judicial philosophy, the concept of natural rights, government regulation of public morality, the distinction between negative and positive rights, federalism 3.0 and the 10th amendment, and the originalist interpretation of cruel and unusual punishment.
The distinction between limited government power and unlimited government power is a central philosophical distinction within the law.
Unenumerated rights, although not explicitly listed in the Constitution, are fundamental and should be protected.
The Tenth Amendment is not solely about states' rights, but rather a provision for limited federal powers.
Originalism as a judicial philosophy recognizes and emphasizes unenumerated rights protected by the Ninth Amendment.
Deep dives
The Philosophy of Limited Government
The podcast episode explores the central philosophical distinction within the law: can the government do anything as long as it's not explicitly prohibited by the Constitution, or is its power limited to what the Constitution prescribes? This distinction applies to people as well: can the government regulate activities not expressly protected by the Constitution? The episode dives into the history of common law and the Napoleonic Code to explain the different perspectives on government power. It also discusses the post-New Deal consensus and the sorting of judicial philosophy that began in 1980.
The Ninth Amendment and Unenumerated Rights
The episode delves into the Ninth Amendment, which states that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution should not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people. While these unenumerated rights are not explicitly listed, they are fundamental and should be protected. The summary also explores the debate over whether unenumerated rights can be regulated under the government's police power, with an emphasis on health and safety. The right to work and its regulation is discussed, highlighting the balance between individual rights and government's power to protect public welfare.
Tenth Amendment and State Powers
The Tenth Amendment asserts that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or the people. The summary emphasizes that the Tenth Amendment should not be solely viewed as a states' rights provision. Instead, it focuses on the concept of unenumerated state powers and how they align with the idea of limited government. The summary highlights the consensus view that state legislatures have the power to protect the health and safety of the public, and that government regulations in public spaces and morality may be justified. The scope of government regulation in private spaces and morality is debated.
Implementing Constitutional Rights
As the episode concludes, it discusses the need for a theory of police power to implement constitutional rights and establish appropriate government regulation. The summary emphasizes that the focus should be on determining the legitimacy of regulations based on health and safety, rather than debating the extent of unenumerated rights. It also mentions the importance of individual rights, like raising one's children, which may not be expressly listed in the Constitution but are fundamental and should be protected.
The Original Meaning of the 10th Amendment
Professor Barnett explains that the 10th Amendment is not about states' rights, but rather a limited federal powers provision. It affirms that states have powers not delegated to the federal government, and that the people of the states have rights separate from the states.
Cooperative Federalism and the Power of the Federal Government
Cooperative federalism is the result of the federal government using its taxing and spending power to influence state actions. When states become dependent on federal funding, they are coerced into complying with the federal government's directives. This has shifted the power dynamics between the federal government and the states.
Originalism and the 9th Amendment
Professor Barnett discusses the importance of originalism as a judicial philosophy. He argues that unenumerated rights, protected by the 9th Amendment, should be recognized and emphasized. While originalism has gained traction in the conservative legal movement, the recognition of unenumerated rights remains a minority view.
Randy Barnett is one of America’s foremost jurists, and a professor at Georgetown Law. He joins to discussed unenumerated rights, in the context of the 9th and 10th amendments.