Mike Curtis, CEO of eGenesis, discusses genetically engineering pigs for human organ transplants. They explore using CRISPR technology to edit pig genomes, adding human genes for regulatory factors. Ethical considerations and future potential of pig organs in transplants are also highlighted.
Advancements in genetic engineering enable cross-species transplants with inactivated retroviruses.
CRISPR technology contributes to editing pig genomes for enhanced human organ compatibility.
Deep dives
Genetically Engineered Pig Organs for Human Patients
Advancements in genetic engineering have led to groundbreaking medical breakthroughs in creating genetically engineered pig organs for human transplant. Researchers have successfully inactivated porcine retroviruses, addressing immune system rejection concerns in cross-species transplants. CRISPR technology plays a pivotal role in editing pig genomes to enhance organ compatibility, with the vision of ultimately creating organs that do not require immunosuppression. The case of Rick Flayman, who received a genetically engineered pig kidney transplant and responded positively, highlights the potential for saving lives through innovative organ transplantation techniques.
Application of Genetic Engineering in Medicine
Genetic editing techniques like CRISPR have revolutionized the medical field, enabling precise modifications in animal genomes for potential human organ transplants. The introduction of human genes into pig genomes aims to mitigate compatibility challenges for organ recipients. By inactivating porcine endogenous retroviruses and incorporating human regulatory proteins, researchers advance towards creating organs that mimic human functionality. Through sequential rounds of genetic editing and rigorous screening processes, researchers strive to produce healthy viable pigs with tailored genetic compositions for medical advancements.
Addressing Ethical Considerations in Transplant Research
The ethical dimensions of organ transplantation research, especially involving genetic engineering and cross-species organ transplants, are scrutinized. Researchers emphasize a patient-centered approach, aiming to save lives and alleviate suffering in critical medical cases. The focus on patient outcomes and regulatory approval underscores the importance of defining appropriate patient populations for experimental treatments. Transparency in communicating risks and benefits to patients, as demonstrated in the case of the first human recipient of a genetically engineered pig kidney, plays a vital role in navigating ethical considerations.
Future Prospects and Medical Applications of Genetic Engineering
The future of genetic engineering in medicine holds promise for addressing organ shortages and improving transplant outcomes. Ongoing research aims to expand the application of genetically engineered pig organs beyond kidney transplants to liver and heart conditions. Innovations in liver perfusion utilizing porcine livers and bridging strategies for pediatric heart transplant patients showcase potential breakthroughs in organ transplantation. Collaboration between researchers, regulatory bodies, and medical practitioners drives progress towards creating organs with enhanced compatibility and functionality for diverse patient populations.
This March, doctors successfully transplanted a pig kidney into a person for the first time in history. Mike Curtis is the CEO of eGenesis, the company that raised the pig whose kidney was used for the procedure. Mike's problem is this: How do you genetically engineer pigs to provide organs – kidneys, hearts, livers – for people?