ID:IOTS - Infectious Disease Insight Of Two Specialists 75. PK: Blethering about Bioavailability
Mar 11, 2024
Exploring the importance of bioavailability in antibiotics for effective treatment. Factors in choosing the right antibiotic, drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and the significance of bioavailability. Contrasting oral and IV antibiotic administration routes, and optimizing administration for better stewardship and patient care.
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Importance of Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics
- Antibiotics' pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are more crucial than other drug classes because underdosing can stop their effectiveness.
- Understanding antibiotic PK helps optimize clinical use and stewardship.
Drug Absorption Mechanisms
- Drugs in the GI tract cross into the bloodstream by passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion via SLC transporters, active transport, or pinocytosis.
- These processes depend on drug size, charge, and interactions with transport proteins.
Threshold for High Bioavailability
- Highly bioavailable oral antibiotics have ≥70% bioavailability, e.g., ciprofloxacin at 70% is as effective orally as IV.
- Beta-lactams generally have lower oral bioavailability than other classes.