John A. helped Indigenous people, Riel didn’t, and other unpopular realities
Dec 9, 2024
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Patrice Dutil, a Canadian history professor, shares his insights on Sir John A. Macdonald's complex legacy. He reveals that Macdonald extended voting rights to Indigenous people, a fact often overlooked in current narratives. The conversation also tackles the controversial portrayal of Macdonald compared to figures like Louis Riel. Dutil argues for a more nuanced understanding of historical events, such as the 1885 Smallpox Crisis, and the significant contributions of the Canadian Pacific Railway, reshaping perceptions of Canada's founders.
Sir John A. Macdonald played a crucial role in giving Indigenous people the vote and providing them aid during crises like famine.
The complexities of Macdonald's legacy reveal a tension between his controversial policies and some genuine efforts towards Indigenous welfare during his leadership.
Deep dives
The Changing Legacy of Sir John A. Macdonald
Sir John A. Macdonald's legacy has become a topic of intense scrutiny, leading to the removal of his statues in various Canadian cities. This cultural shift reflects a growing recognition of the controversial aspects of his policies, particularly relating to Indigenous peoples. However, the discussion surrounding Macdonald's contributions is nuanced and multifaceted, as some historians argue that his accomplishments in governance should not be overlooked. It is important to analyze Macdonald's actions within the broader historical context to understand his place in Canadian history accurately.
Significant Events of 1885
The year 1885 was pivotal in shaping Sir John A. Macdonald's tenure, marked by several significant events such as the Riel Rebellion and a devastating smallpox epidemic. Macdonald's management of these crises revealed his leadership capabilities, as he navigated the complexities of federalism and public health amid turmoil. The smallpox outbreak resulted in a catastrophic loss of life, yet Macdonald's government prioritized vaccinations for Indigenous populations, showcasing a level of enlightenment not commonly acknowledged in mainstream narratives. This juxtaposition highlights that, despite his problematic legacy, Macdonald's actions during this tumultuous year warrant critical examination.
Indigenous Policies and Controversies
Macdonald's policies regarding Indigenous peoples remain contentious, particularly concerning the establishment of residential schools. While many attribute genocidal intentions to these initiatives, some historians argue that the rationale was rooted in a misguided belief in assimilation rather than outright malice. It is essential to analyze Macdonald's actions and decisions regarding Indigenous welfare, including efforts to provide assistance during crises, to grasp the complexities of his leadership fully. This perspective challenges the prevailing narrative by suggesting that Macdonald's interactions with Indigenous communities were more nuanced and multifaceted than often portrayed.
The Impact of the Canadian Pacific Railway
The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885 stands as one of Macdonald's most significant accomplishments, enabling the rapid movement of troops and resources across the country. This project addressed the need to secure Canadian sovereignty, particularly in the face of potential American encroachments. The railway not only contributed to national unity but also played a crucial role in the economic development of Canada. However, it is essential to acknowledge the sacrifices made by the Chinese laborers who were instrumental in its construction, guaranteeing that their stories and contributions are recognized within the broader narrative of Canadian history.
Imagine Indigenous people getting to vote for the first time — and voting for John A. Macdonald. Many did. And it was Canada’s first prime minister who gave them the vote. The Conservative leader also kept Aboriginal communities fed (against fierce Liberal opposition) when the buffalo disappeared and protected them from disease, as Patrice Dutil, author of the new book, Sir John A. Macdonald and The Apocalyptic Year 1885, tells Brian. And, yes, Macdonald also offered Indigenous children schooling: a well-intended initiative he’s now being vilified for. But Canada now unfortunately privileges ahistorical, ignorant, and often spiteful slanders against John A. while lionizing a murderous secessionist like Louis Riel. As Dutil explains, Macdonald was a fascinating, brilliant, and benevolent founding father. It’s time we remembered that again. (Recorded November 28, 2024)