This week, Christian Freytag, from Vulcan Energy Resources, and Moroccan geologist Amal Barish, share insights on geothermal energy's untapped potential. They discuss innovative projects that combine geothermal power with lithium extraction, highlighting the challenges and profitability of this renewable source. Amal reveals plans to drill into volcanic magma in Iceland, which could revolutionize geothermal energy. The conversation also touches on community concerns in Indonesia regarding local geothermal initiatives, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices.
Geothermal energy, despite its potential being 50,000 times greater than all oil and gas reserves, remains underutilized due to high upfront drilling costs.
Innovative projects like drilling into volcanic magma and lithium extraction from geothermal brine are emerging to enhance profitability and drive broader adoption of geothermal energy.
Deep dives
Vast Potential of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is derived from the Earth's internal heat, which is abundant and reliable, yet accounts for less than 1% of global energy generation. The heat present in just the upper 10 kilometers of the Earth's crust contains an astonishing 50,000 times more energy than all of the world's oil and gas reserves combined. This immense potential for clean energy has raised questions about why geothermal sources are not more widely utilized, especially considering that they do not suffer from the intermittency issues associated with wind and solar energy. Understanding the full capacity for geothermal power could significantly impact energy strategies worldwide.
Challenges and Solutions in Geothermal Development
One of the main barriers to expanding geothermal energy use is the high upfront costs associated with drilling and exploration, which can deter investors. Solutions involve demonstrating the potential for high returns on investment and reducing perceived risks through government incentives and financial backing. For instance, companies like Vulcan Energy Resources are innovating by extracting valuable lithium from geothermal brine, which adds profitability and sustainability to geothermal operations. By integrating lithium extraction into geothermal projects, the financial viability of these energy resources could increase dramatically.
Advancing Geothermal Technology
Technological advancements are paving the way for more efficient geothermal energy extraction, particularly through ambitious projects that aim to access magma directly. Current geothermal practices typically extract heat from hot water in rocks, but new methods are being developed to drill into magma, which could yield temperatures sufficient to rival traditional fossil fuel plants. The project led by a Moroccan geologist in Iceland seeks to capitalize on this approach, potentially revolutionizing the geothermal industry with significantly higher energy outputs. If successful, these innovations could lead to broader adoption of geothermal energy globally, transforming the energy landscape.
Geothermal energy is renewable, reliable and powerful. So, why is most of it untapped?
That’s what our listener, Anna in the UK, wants to know. Full disclosure, she’s a geologist and is thoroughly perplexed by the lack of uptake. Geothermal is renewable, reliable and abundant and yet, less than 1% of the world’s energy is generated from it.
Host Graihagh Jackson hears about a team in Iceland who hope to "super-charge" geothermal power by drilling directly into volcanic magma. And she travels to Germany to visit Vulcan Energy, a company which is combining geothermal with extracting one of the world's most sought-after metals: Lithium. Plus, our reporter in Indonesia tells Graihagh about local opposition to some geothermal power plants.
Got a question you’d like answered? Email: TheClimateQuestion@bbc.com or WhatsApp: +44 8000 321 721
Host: Graihagh Jackson
Reporter in Indonesia: Johanes Hutabarat
Producer: Osman Iqbal
Sound Mix: James Beard
Editor: Simon Watts
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