Using DNA To Boost Digital Data Storage And Processing
Sep 9, 2024
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Discover how DNA can revolutionize digital data storage and processing! With each of our 30 trillion cells holding about 1.5 gigabytes of information, researchers are turning genetic code into binary code for innovative computing solutions. This technology promises not just compactness and durability, but also opens doors for applications in drug delivery and vaccines. Learn about the fascinating interplay between DNA and computation, and the ongoing research paving the way for future advancements in nanoscience.
DNA can store vast quantities of data, with each human cell containing approximately one gigabyte, collectively enabling storage of around 30 trillion gigabytes.
Recent advancements allow DNA to be utilized not just for storage but also for processing information, introducing innovative methods that enhance computing capabilities.
Deep dives
DNA as a Data Storage Medium
DNA possesses remarkable capabilities for storing significant amounts of data, with each cell in the human body containing approximately one gigabyte of DNA. Collectively, this translates to around 30 trillion gigabytes from the estimated 30 trillion cells, which is enough to encode about one fifth of the world's current data. Recent advancements in technology have allowed researchers to harness DNA's storage potential, effectively revolutionizing how digital information can be stored compactly and securely. Moreover, the longevity of DNA as a storage medium far exceeds that of traditional electronic storage solutions, with potential preservation lasting thousands to millions of years.
Interfacing DNA with Computation
Efforts to utilize DNA for information processing have evolved significantly over the past two decades, beginning with foundational work by Leonard Adelman. Current research aims to create systems that enable DNA to not only store information but also process it, reflecting a dual function. This involves innovative methods such as using enzymes to create RNA copies from DNA, which can then perform logical operations or solve problems similar to chess and Sudoku puzzles. By integrating a novel nanomaterial that stabilizes DNA while allowing for extraction and manipulation, researchers are paving the way for more effective computation using genetic material.
Future Implications of DNA Computing
The potential applications for DNA computing extend well beyond just personal computing, as it could significantly impact large-scale computations in data centers and industries requiring intensive processing. With its high-density data storage and efficient parallel processing capabilities, DNA technology could greatly improve various operations we rely on daily, like complex calculations and large data assessments. Additionally, combining material science with DNA's manipulation opens new avenues for applications such as drug delivery and vaccine development, thus broadening the scope of its relevance in health and biotechnology. This intersection of informatics and molecular material science promises exciting developments as researchers continue to explore the functionality and versatility of DNA.
You might be familiar with a gigabyte, one of the most popular units of measure for computer storage. A two-hour movie is 3 gigabytes on average, while your phone can probably store 256 gigabytes.
We see this in DNA, which has the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce. In computing storage terms, each cell of our body contains about 1.5 gigabytes worth of data. And with about 30 trillion cells in our bodies, we could theoretically store about 45 trillion gigabytes—also known as 45 zettabytes—which is equivalent to about one fourth of all the data in the world today.
Recently, a group of researchers was able to develop a technology that allows computer storage and processing using DNA’s ability to store information by turning genetic code into binary code. This technology could have a major impact on the way we do computing and digital storage.
To explain more about this technology, SciFri guest host Sophie Bushwick is joined by two professors from North Carolina State University’s Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Dr. Albert Keung and Dr. Orlin Velev.
Transcripts for each segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.