Lithium's effectiveness in treating bipolar disorder

Lithium has become a first-line treatment for the early stages of bipolar disorder as it can help patients stay well, function better, and have a longer lifespan. Despite not having the same brand recognition as atypical antipsychotics in treating bipolar depression, lithium tends to have fewer side effects and higher patient adherence. Extended-release lithium is better tolerated than instant release, particularly regarding tremors. However, long-term lithium use does double the risk of developing Stage 3 renal failure, so close monitoring and consultation with a renal specialist are crucial.