Robert Koons, a philosophy professor at the University of Texas at Austin, delves into J.R.R. Tolkien's philosophical influences. He discusses how the Inklings and Owen Barfield shaped Tolkien's Christianized Aristotelian thought. The conversation touches on themes of goodness, evil, and divine providence in 'The Lord of the Rings.' Koons also explores the impact of Tolkien's work on modern culture, its ecological and spiritual implications, and critiques of literary adaptations. The discussion highlights Tolkien's dual legacy in philosophy and society.
Tolkien's philosophy asserts that evil is a distortion of goodness, richly illustrated through character transformations in his narratives.
The Inklings, including Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, significantly influenced Tolkien's philosophical approach, promoting a poetic understanding of reality against materialism.
Deep dives
The Influence of Philosophy on Tolkien's Work
Tolkien’s literary contributions are deeply intertwined with his philosophical perspectives, particularly a blend of Christianized Aristotelian Neoplatonism. This philosophy advocates that all being is inherently good, suggesting that evil is merely a distortion of goodness rather than an independent force. In his stories, Tolkien weaves this philosophy together, illustrating how the nature of existence, goodness, and evil is reflected in his characters and narratives. For instance, the transformation of once-human Ringwraiths into beings of shadow symbolizes how evil represents a loss of being rather than a new creation.
Philosophy as a Guiding Force in Literary Creation
Tolkien viewed his fiction not merely as entertainment but as an embodiment of his philosophical beliefs. His narratives and characters serve as vehicles for expressing complex philosophical concepts, akin to the way Plato integrated myth into his dialogues. This seamless blending allows readers to absorb philosophical truths organically rather than through overt lectures or allegories. The depth of this integration is demonstrated in narratives such as 'The Lord of the Rings,' where characters embody the ideals of fellowship and the struggle between good and evil.
The Role of the Inklings in Tolkien's Philosophy and Writing
The Inklings, a literary group that included Tolkien and C.S. Lewis, played a crucial role in shaping the philosophical underpinnings of Tolkien's work. This fellowship provided an encouraging environment that motivated Tolkien to share his imaginative universe with the world. Barfield, a key member of this group, influenced Tolkien's approach to language and understanding of mythic structures, emphasizing that myth conveys deeper truths about existence. Their collective aim to counter scientific materialism and promote a more poetic understanding of reality is reflected in Tolkien's narratives, presenting an alternative worldview.
Tolkien's Uncanny Influence on Modern Thought
Tolkien's work has had a far-reaching impact that extends beyond literature into various cultural and philosophical movements of the modern era. His themes resonate with contemporary disillusionment towards science and technology, contributing to the rise of ecological awareness and alternative spiritualities. Critics argue that Tolkien's narratives foreshadowed significant societal shifts, influencing movements from environmental activism to fantasy literature. The broad appeal and lasting significance of 'The Lord of the Rings' suggest that Tolkien's insights continue to shape modern consciousness, even in ways he may not have anticipated.
Robert C. (“Rob”) Koons is a professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin, M. A. Oxford, Ph.D. UCLA. He is the author or co-author of five books, including The Atlas of Reality with Timothy H. Pickavance (Wiley-Blackwell, 2017) and Is Thomas’s Aristotelian Philosophy of Nature Obsolete? (St. Augustine Press, 2022). He is the co-editor of four anthologies, including The Waning of Materialism (OUP, 2010) and Classical Theism (Routledge 2023). He has been working recently on an Aristotelian interpretation of quantum theory, on defending and articulating hylomorphism in contemporary terms, and on interpreting and defending Thomas's Five Ways.
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