Jon Grinspan, Curator of Political History at the Smithsonian and author of *Wide Awake*, teams up with Kevin Waite, Associate Professor at Durham University and author of *West of Slavery*, to uncover the fascinating story of the Wide Awakes. This grassroots movement, formed during the 1860 election, played a crucial role in rallying working-class Americans against slavery. They wore capes and marched by torchlight, not just for free speech but as passionate supporters of Abraham Lincoln. Grinspan and Waite discuss why this movement remains largely untold and its relevance today.
The Wide Awakes emerged as a powerful political organization advocating for anti-slavery sentiments, showcasing the transformative impact of youthful activism in 1860.
Their largely forgotten story highlights the complexities of political polarization in American history and provides valuable lessons for contemporary civic engagement.
Deep dives
The Role of Eddie Yergeson and the Wide Awakes
Eddie Yergeson, a young man from Hartford, Connecticut, became an unexpected leader during the political rallies of 1860 by fashioning a unique black cape to avoid oil stains. His improvisation and the ensuing camaraderie among his friends transformed them into symbols of solidarity within the anti-slavery movement, which was predominantly supported by the Republican Party. This moment of creativity not only allowed them to stand out during a significant event but also rallied the community behind their cause. The newspaper coverage of the rally framed Eddie and his friends as the catalysts for a broader political awakening among Republicans, leading to the emergence of the Wide Awakes, a prominent political organization advocating for anti-slavery sentiments.
The Political Landscape of 1860
In the lead-up to the Civil War, the political climate was tense, with divisions primarily rooted in the issue of slavery and economic power. By 1860, four million African Americans remained enslaved, and the political influence of Southern slaveholders was disproportionately high due to provisions in the Constitution that favored them. The Northern states' opposition to slavery was clear, yet their voices were often drowned out by pro-slavery propaganda and violence. This backdrop of suppression motivated individuals like Yergeson to rise up and advocate for their beliefs, ultimately leading to the formation of groups such as the Wide Awakes.
The Emergence and Impact of the Wide Awakes
The Wide Awakes originated from the fervor of youthful activists eager to defend free speech and anti-slavery movements in the face of violent backlash. Their organization rapidly expanded from Connecticut to neighboring states, creating a uniformed presence at political events, especially during the Republican National Convention in Chicago. This group united disparate factions within the Republican Party, rallying members around mutual goals despite their varying backgrounds and views on slavery. As they gained momentum, the Wide Awakes became a formidable force, gaining a reputation for protecting abolitionist speakers and influencing the political climate leading up to the 1860 election.
The Legacy and Historical Amnesia of the Wide Awakes
Despite their significant role in shaping the political landscape during the mid-1800s, the Wide Awakes have largely been forgotten in American history. This obscurity stems from a collective desire to focus on reconciliation post-Civil War rather than confront the complexities of the era's violent political climate. The resurgence of interest in their story is prompted by contemporary parallels to political polarization and organized movements. As historians reevaluate this group, it becomes evident that the legacy of the Wide Awakes offers valuable lessons about civic engagement and the tumultuous nature of American political history.
They carried torches and marched at night. Their goal: defend free speech in America. What started as a small group of young men demonstrating during the 1860 election, snowballed into a mass movement of working-class Americans marching to end slavery. They called themselves the Wide Awakes. And they’re widely seen as the political force that helped elect Abraham Lincoln and spur the Civil War. So why has their story gone untold? And why is now the time to tell it?
Guests:
Jon Grinspan, Curator of Political History at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. Author of Wide Awake: The Forgotten Force that Elected Lincoln and Spurred the Civil War
Kevin Waite, Associate Professor of History at Durham University. Author of West of Slavery: The Southern Dream of a Transcontinental Empire
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