The Debate on Nuclear Technology Choices

A fundamental debate exists within the nuclear energy sector regarding the choice between advanced Generation 4 small modular reactors (SMRs) and the traditional large light-water reactors (LWRs). Proponents of SMRs argue that these newer designs can reduce risk and construction costs while providing modular scalability and adaptability. Conversely, advocates for large reactors highlight their proven reliability and higher capacity factors, asserting that established technology should be prioritized to meet energy demands rapidly. This discussion exemplifies a broader concern: the potential opportunity costs associated with favoring one approach over the other, particularly given the urgency of combating climate change.