Lawfare Daily: Haiti's Deteriorating Security Situation, with Robert Fatton
Nov 21, 2024
auto_awesome
In this engaging discussion, Dr. Robert Fatton, an emeritus professor at the University of Virginia and expert on Haitian politics, dives into Haiti's escalating crisis following the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse. He details the rise of gang violence and the loss of effective governance under Ariel Henry. The conversation also touches on how the international community, particularly the U.S., is responding to this turmoil. Fatton warns of worsening humanitarian issues and the complexities of potential diplomatic solutions in an unstable political climate.
Haiti's security crisis is fueled by rampant gang violence and ineffective governance, with gangs controlling over 85% of Port-au-Prince.
The international community's limited response, including a small UN mission, is inadequate in addressing Haiti's escalating humanitarian crisis and violence.
Deep dives
Deteriorating Security Situation in Haiti
The security situation in Haiti has deteriorated significantly in recent years, primarily due to rampant gang violence and ineffective governance. Following the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse, there has been a lack of stable leadership, leading to widespread chaos and insecurity. Gangs now control more than 85% of Port-au-Prince, severely disrupting daily life and contributing to a humanitarian crisis where nearly half the population faces hunger. Recent violent attempts by gangs to infiltrate affluent areas like Pétionville highlight the urgent need for effective governmental and international responses to restore order.
The Role and Limitations of International Assistance
The international community's response to Haiti's security crisis has been fraught with challenges, particularly with a recent UN mission primarily composed of Kenyan police officers. The mission has fallen short of expectations, with only 400 officers deployed and limited engagement against gang activities. The United States, while the main financial contributor to the Haitian police, has faced difficulties in garnering support from other nations for a more comprehensive intervention. The lack of a robust international presence raises concerns about the effectiveness of current measures to address the escalating violence.
The Influence of Gangs on Political Stability
Haitian gangs, particularly those unified under the group Vivant Sommes, have gained significant political power, aiming to dismantle the existing transitional council. Their leader, Jimmy Cherizier, has openly expressed intentions to overthrow the government, increasing tensions and uncertainty regarding political stability. The intertwining of gang power with political dynamics complicates any potential negotiations, as public sentiment remains deeply skeptical of including gang leaders in governance discussions. Recent violence has fostered a sense of popular justice, where local communities are beginning to unite against gang control, further influencing the political landscape.
The Humanitarian Crisis and Its Implications
The humanitarian crisis in Haiti is at a breaking point, with half of the population experiencing famine and essential services collapsing under intense violence and instability. Many humanitarian organizations have withdrawn or suspended operations due to security concerns, leaving those in dire need without support. The ongoing violence not only jeopardizes immediate assistance but also exacerbates long-term social and economic challenges faced by Haitians, leading to increased displacement and poverty. The situation illustrates the dire need for both immediate humanitarian intervention and a sustainable political solution to prevent further deterioration.
Since the assassination of Haitian President Jovenel Moïse in July 2021, the country has been plagued by gang violence, a destabilized government, and an ongoing humanitarian crisis. Lawfare Associate Editor for Communications Anna Hickey sat down with Dr. Robert Fatton, emeritus professor of government and foreign affairs at the University of Virginia to discuss the rising gang violence in Haiti, whether the incoming Trump administration will change the United States’s response, and how the international community has responded to the deteriorating situation.