PT538 – Rumination, the Default Mode Network, and How Neuroplasticity Changes Over Time, with Dr. Jerry Rosenbaum & Sharmin Ghaznavi, MD, Ph.D.
Aug 13, 2024
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Dr. Jerry Rosenbaum, a founding director and author in psychedelic research, teams up with Sharmin Ghaznavi, MD, Ph.D., a psychiatric expert in cognitive neuroscience. They delve into the fascinating relationship between rumination and the default mode network. Discussing how psychedelics like psilocybin can help disrupt negative thought patterns, they highlight groundbreaking neuroimaging techniques, including hyperscanning, to strengthen the therapist-patient bond. Their insights explore the evolving therapeutic landscape and the potential of psychedelics in treating mental health challenges.
Psilocybin shows promise in addressing rumination, which is a common issue linked to psychiatric disorders like depression and PTSD.
The default mode network's role in psychiatric conditions is critical, influencing the ability to switch attention and possibly contributing to negative thought patterns.
Neuroplasticity induced by psychedelics may lead to lasting changes in brain connectivity, offering new avenues for therapeutic recovery and personalized treatment approaches.
Deep dives
Role of Psilocybin in Treating Rumination
Research on psilocybin aims to address rumination, a common cognitive pattern associated with several psychiatric disorders. Rumination involves repetitive, negative self-focused thoughts, which can exacerbate conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. Initial studies suggest there may be potential benefits of psilocybin for type 2 bipolar disorder, despite current exclusions in clinical trials for bipolar patients. Ongoing efforts include examining how psilocybin influences rumination and identifying the neural correlates involved in this process.
Understanding the Default Mode Network
The default mode network (DMN) is increasingly recognized for its role in psychiatric disorders, particularly in relation to rumination. It has been observed that patients struggling with mental health often have a disrupted ability to switch their attention between internal thoughts and external stimuli. This dysfunction may contribute to the persistence of negative thought patterns and make it more challenging for patients to engage with their environment. Hence, research is focused on how psychedelics might alter DMN activity to facilitate recovery.
Neuroplasticity and Psychedelics
Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself, is a key area of interest in the context of psychedelic treatment. Some psychedelics have shown a unique capacity to enhance neuroplasticity, which could lead to lasting benefits for patients. Unlike traditional treatments, psychedelics may offer rapid and durable changes in brain connectivity, potentially providing new pathways for recovery. Research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms behind this neuroplastic change and how it correlates with therapeutic outcomes.
Precision Medicine in Psychedelic Research
There is growing interest in integrating a precision medicine approach within psychedelic research. This involves tailoring treatments based on individual patient characteristics, including genetic and environmental factors. The use of stem cells to create patient-specific neural networks can help researchers explore how different individuals might respond to psychedelics. The aim is to enhance treatment efficacy and safety, ultimately leading to more personalized therapeutic options for those suffering from psychiatric disorders.
The Future of Psychedelic Therapy
Looking ahead, the landscape of psychedelic therapy is expected to evolve significantly with potential breakthroughs in treatment protocols and drug development. As various psychedelics are studied for multiple indications, establishing effective infrastructure for therapy delivery will be crucial. Challenges remain, such as ensuring adequate access to these therapies while addressing safety and efficacy concerns. The ongoing dialogue about subjective experiences versus neurobiological changes will also influence the development of new treatment frameworks in the coming years.
In this episode, Chris Koddermann interviews two members of the Center for the Neuroscience of Psychedelics at Mass General Hospital: founding director, author, and co-founder of three drug development companies, Dr. Jerry Rosenbaum; and psychiatrist and associate director and director of cognitive neuroscience, Sharmin Ghaznavi, MD, Ph.D.
Rosenbaum and Ghaznavi bonded over an interest in rumination, and wondered: How could the plasticity-inducing effects of psychedelics change these negative loops people find themselves in? How important is the ability to break out of those loops – and learn new patterns – when our concept of self is so central to who we are? Ghaznavi is studying the effects of psilocybin on rumination and scanning patients at multiple times throughout the process to track data we still don’t really have: how psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity changes over time, and why.
They discuss:
How much of a role the default mode network takes in the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics: Is it overblown?
Hyperscanning, which involves scanning two individuals at the same time, looking for potential concordance in signal and/or an increased alliance between the therapist and patient
The Schultes Legacy Project and the work of Stephen Haggarty to explore the potential of largely unstudied psychoactive plants
Critiques of the recent ruling on Lykos and MDMA-assisted therapy and the clash between the FDA and the advisory committee: Were they really on the same page?
The false dichotomy of neuroscience vs. patient experience: Does the subjective experience actually increase plasticity and other measurable benefits?