Dialectics Deep Dive: History & Philosophy of Dialectical Materialism
Apr 27, 2021
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Expert Matthew Furlong discusses the history and philosophy of dialectics, exploring key thinkers like Mao and Marx. They delve into the evolution of dialectical materialism, contrasting metaphysical and dialectical ideologies. The conversation also touches on mindfulness practices, medieval Christianity, and the interconnectedness of intellects.
Mao emphasizes one into two logic to show irreconcilable proletariat-bourgeoisie conflict.
Descartes challenges sensory perception, highlighting underlying essence of objects.
Heraclitus shapes dialectical thinking with focus on interpenetrating opposites and constant change.
Deep dives
The Misconception of Two into One Logic
The prevalent teaching formula of thesis, antithesis, synthesis encapsulates the widely misunderstood concept of dialectics as two into one logic. This flawed approach suggests that objects are separate entities that collide or resolve conflicts to form a synthesis. However, Mao vehemently opposes this as it underpins revisionism and reformism, promoting a narrative where conflicting elements can merge into a harmonious unity. Mao stresses the notion of one into two logic, emphasizing that the proletariat and the bourgeoisie emerge simultaneously, interconnected opposites that cannot be reconciled through superficial resolutions.
Decartes' Exploration of Objectivity and Dialectical Thinking
Rene Descartes, often associated with Cartesian dualism, surprisingly demonstrated aspects of dialectical thinking in his writings. Descartes' examination of individual objects, like a piece of wax, revealed a deeper understanding beyond sensory perceptions. In his work, Descartes illustrated the wax's transformation under heat, highlighting that its essence goes beyond sensory attributes. This introspection challenges conventional perceptions by emphasizing the underlying nature of objects beyond their transient qualities, hinting at a more intricate view of objectivity.
Dialectical Epistemology: Descartes and Mao's Perspectives
Descartes and Mao present differing views on objective knowledge, with Descartes focusing on clear and distinct ideas and Mao emphasizing perception leading to logical knowledge. Mao's concept aligns with a dialectical epistemology, as he highlights the internal contradictions in understanding external things.
Descartes' division of substances into corporeal and mental forms sparks debate with Thomas Hobbes and Spinoza. Hobbes challenges the concept of incorporeal substance, while Spinoza proposes a singular infinite substance underlying all aspects. This discussion reveals terminological confusions and different philosophical interpretations.
Heraclitus's Dialectical Influence on Western Tradition
Heraclitus, an influential figure in Greek philosophy, introduces the concept of change and interdependence. He influences Plato's work and lays the foundation for dialectical thinking in both Western and Eastern philosophical traditions. Heraclitus's focus on interpenetrating opposites shapes the understanding of reality as constantly evolving and interconnected.
Matthew Furlong joins the show to discuss the history and philosophy of dialectics and dialectical materialism. Working through keystone dialectical thinkers like Mao, Marx, Engels, Heraclitus and manymore, Matthew and Breht explore the development of this fundamental element of Marxist Philosophy.