490 Early Church History 10: Persecution of Early Christians
Apr 8, 2023
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Explore the tumultuous journey of early Christians facing severe persecution in the Roman Empire. Discover the absurdities of trials, influenced by dubious accusations and harsh governance. Dive into the courageous story of Polycarp, who stood firm in his faith to the end. Learn about the impactful sacrifices of martyrs like him and Perpetua, and how their legacies shaped the Christian community. Finally, witness the change brought by Emperor Constantine, marking a pivotal shift in the role of Christianity and prompting critical theological debates.
The severe persecutions of early Christians by Roman emperors were driven by misconceptions and societal fears about Christianity threatening traditional values.
The inspiring stories of early Christian martyrs, such as Polycarp and Perpetua, illustrate unwavering faith and courage in the face of brutal oppression.
Deep dives
Understanding Persecutions in Early Christianity
Various waves of persecution against Christians emerged during the reigns of Roman emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Decius, Valerian, and Diocletian. These persecutions were often fueled by the Roman government's fear and misconceptions about Christianity, viewing it as a threat to traditional Roman religious practices and societal stability. The Roman authorities frequently resorted to brutality, driven by the belief that Christians' refusal to worship Roman gods constituted obstinacy that needed to be corrected. An example is Pliny the Younger, who openly acknowledged his struggles in understanding how to handle Christians brought before him, showcasing the confusion and severity imposed by imperial instructions on how to deal with the faith's followers.
The Role of Martyrs in Shaping Christian Identity
The accounts of early Christian martyrs serve as pivotal inspirations for contemporary believers, illustrating steadfastness and unwavering faith in the face of severe persecution. Figures like Polycarp, who boldly declared his faith even as he faced execution, set a profound precedent for how Christians should respond to threats against their beliefs. His refusal to renounce Christ, accompanied by his calm demeanor during his trial, has become a template for future martyrs to follow, emphasizing the importance of loyalty to their faith. Each martyr's story, be it Polycarp or others like Blandina and Sanctus, reflects the enduring spirit of Christians who faced inhumane treatment while remaining committed to their convictions.
The Spread of Misinformation Against Christians
Rumors and misconceptions about Christians contributed significantly to their persecution, with widespread accusations of cannibalism and incest arising from misunderstandings of their rituals. These false narratives were often propagated by those opposed to Christianity, leading to a societal view of Christians as dangerous and immoral. The case of Perpetua and Felicitas exemplifies how societal fears could escalate into violent reproach, with the two women facing execution driven by the fears and false teachings circulating about their faith. Such allegations showcased the Roman Empire's apprehensions toward a burgeoning faith that diverged from traditional practices, resulting in a cycle of persecution based on deeply rooted prejudice rather than reality.
The Impact of Legal Edicts on Christian Persecution
Legal edicts like those issued by Decius and Diocletian formalized the persecution of Christians, mandating sacrifices to Roman gods and enforcing severe penalties for non-compliance. Decius' restructure of a unified approach marked the first widespread attempt to root out Christianity, compelling believers to obtain certificates of sacrifice as proof of adherence to Roman customs. This period created a rift within the Christian community, as some chose to comply with the decree while others remained resolute in their faith, leading to questions of forgiveness and reinstatement in the community. The persecution under Diocletian, deemed the most extensive and brutal, ultimately highlighted the clash between governance and burgeoning Christian faith, setting the stage for significant transformations in later centuries.
The Roman government persecuted Christians for the first three centuries. In this episode, you'll learn about various persecutions that flared up during the reigns of Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Decius, Valerian, and Diocletian. We'll also cover why Romans both despised and feared Christianity. Learning about the martyrs among our spiritual ancestors helps us to put in perspective our own situation as well as provide us with inspiring examples of how to face dire situations courageously.
Disclaimer: In order to do this subject justice, I need to describe some actions that are inappropriate for children. So, if there are little ones in ear shot, you should probably wait until later. To be honest, this material is traumatizing for all ages. Still, I think we need to know our own history.
Pliny the Younger (61-113)
governor of Bithynia
wrote and received letters from emperor Trajan
Trajan forbade an assembly of firemen
Pliny had heard Christians would not worship statues
Christian lifestyle was morally upright, thought their refusal to comply with the government infuriated Pliny
Pliny was worried about diminishment of worship at the temples
Criticisms of Christianity
lump us in w/ Epicureans (atheists)
stubborn and oppositional
miracles were falsely reported or tricks
gullible, easily deceived by charlatans
anti-reason (blind faith)
Rumors
Christians ate babies
Christians participated in incestuous orgies
Persecutions
(155) Polycarp of Smyrna, Asia Minor
(177) Blandina and Sanctus in Lyons, Gaul
(203) Perpetua and Felicitas in Carthage
(249-251) Decian Persecution
(257-260) Valerian Persecution
(303-313) The Great Persecution (Diocletian)
We Survived
Jesus said to Peter after he confessed that Jesus was the Messiah, “on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hades shall not prevail against it” (Mat 16.18)
death did not prevail against us
not only did we survive, we also grew from 100s of thousands in the 3rd c. to millions in the 4th c.
Jesus said, “They will deliver you up to tribulation
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