The Constitutionality of Firearms Bans for Domestic Violence Abusers
Nov 9, 2023
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Supreme Court case on whether the government can ban guns for domestic violence abusers. Discussion on historical traditions, confusion in lower courts, and disarming individuals based on their actions. Use of historical racist gun laws, mismatch in reasoning for Second Amendment scope, and balanced approach for rights and safety. Potential overhaul of methodology and alternative tests for Second Amendment claims. Open cases and challenges regarding sensitive places and classes of persons.
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Quick takeaways
Laws prohibiting firearm possession for domestic violence abusers raise questions about Second Amendment rights and the need for sufficient procedural safeguards in restraining order cases.
The confusion and challenges in applying the Bruin methodology in Second Amendment cases highlight the lack of specific guidance on evaluating historical laws and defining tradition.
Relying on historical gun laws presents a dilemma, as they include sordid sources and have been used to target certain groups, calling for a more inclusive dialogue on the issue.
Deep dives
Argument in US versus Rahimi
During the oral arguments in US versus Rahimi, the Supreme Court considered whether laws prohibiting firearm possession by individuals subject to domestic violence restraining orders violate their Second Amendment rights. The government argued that historical regulations and principles support disarming those who are deemed dangerous, even if they do not have a criminal conviction. The government also emphasized modern conceptions of danger when determining whether individuals should be disarmed. On the other hand, the Fifth Circuit struck down the federal statute, requiring a close level of similarity to historical regulations in order to sustain the modern law. The court found that the analogous regulations from 1791, disarming individuals who were criminally convicted, were not closely enough aligned with the law in question, as it did not require criminal conviction and lacked due process in civil proceedings. The lower court also raised the issue of limiting principles and the need for sufficient procedural safeguards in domestic violence restraining order cases. However, the court did not extensively discuss these concerns during the oral argument in Rahimi.
Questioning Bruin's methodology
The oral arguments shed light on the confusion and challenges in applying the Bruin methodology, which requires a search for history and tradition to determine the scope of regulatory authority rather than the scope of the right itself. Lower courts have struggled with determining the appropriate level of generality and analogical reasoning when using history and tradition to justify modern regulations. The lack of specific guidance in Bruin on issues such as evaluating the duration and number of historical laws and the absence of clear boundaries for defining tradition contribute to the confusion. Justice Kagan acknowledged the chaos in lower courts' interpretation of Bruin, suggesting that the Supreme Court should provide more guidance in this area.
The dilemma of sordid sources
Another significant discussion in the oral arguments centered on the dilemma of relying on sordid sources from Second Amendment history, which include laws that are racist, misogynistic, homophobic, or xenophobic. While advocates must navigate this difficult history to support modern regulations, the Solicitor General in Rahimi distanced herself from relying on explicitly racist laws, focusing instead on laws disarming individuals who were not part of the political community. The court appeared divided on whether symmetrical levels of abstraction, considering both the right and regulatory tradition, would solve the confusion in lower courts. There was recognition that clearer signals from the Supreme Court regarding the level of generality in evaluating historical analogies could alleviate some of the difficulties in applying brewing.
The Difficulty of Relying on Gun Laws
The podcast episode discusses the question of whether we should rely on gun laws at all and in what way. There are concerns that relying on these laws sends a message to certain targeted groups that their government does not see them as full members of the political community. While some argue that historical laws disarming dangerous populations demonstrate a principle that may still be relevant today, others highlight the overtly racist intent behind those laws. Additionally, the episode raises concerns about the disparate enforcement of gun laws against racial minorities and calls for a more inclusive dialogue on the issue.
Challenges in Applying the Text, History, and Tradition Test
The podcast addresses the use of the text, history, and tradition test in Second Amendment cases and its potential implications. It highlights the difficulty in choosing the right level of abstraction and determining the principles behind the historical record. The podcast also explores the limitations of solely relying on historical laws to guide modern regulations, as circumstances and values have changed since the founding era. The need for a more principled and balanced approach is emphasized, with suggestions to revisit the Bruin test and consider a tiered scrutiny framework.
This week, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in a Second Amendment case, United States v. Rahimi. This case asks whether the federal government can ban guns for people subject to domestic-violence restraining orders. In this episode, we break down the arguments in the case and explore the future of the Second Amendment. Clark Neily of the Cato Institute and Pepperdine Law Professor Jacob Charles join Jeffrey Rosen, president and CEO of the National Constitution Center, to discuss.