Chris Mason, Professor of Genomics, Physiology, and Biophysics at Weill Cornell Medicine, discusses topics such as the potential longevity of humanity, the NASA twin study on space travel effects, space colonization and regulation, predictive algorithms and AI, the fascination with science and genetics, the problems with science and academic research, and the future of human life including synthetic biology and Mars settlement.
Humanity has the potential to exist until the end of the universe or alter the universe, with physics and biology being the only limitations.
Concerns about AI destroying humanity are overblown, as super-intelligent AI could coexist peacefully or even improve society.
Genomics and gene editing offer the potential to eliminate diseases, enhance traits, and adapt humans to survive in extreme environments like space.
Deep dives
Humanity's Longevity and Potential
The speaker believes that humanity has the potential to exist until the end of the universe or even alter the universe. Physics and biology are the only limitations. Even though there have been concerns and atrocities throughout human history, our capacity for self-improvement and self-direction makes humanity the greatest hope for the future.
The Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence
The speaker expresses optimism regarding AI, believing that concerns about AI destroying humanity are overblown. Intelligence can take different forms, and it is possible that super-intelligent AI could coexist peacefully with humanity or even improve the well-being of society.
The Genomic Revolution and Its Implications
The speaker discusses the progress made in the field of genomics, including the discovery of new genes and understanding their functions across different species. Genetic engineering and gene editing offer the potential to eliminate diseases, enhance traits, and adapt humans to survive in extreme environments like space.
Challenges and Opportunities in Space Exploration
The speaker highlights the ongoing advancements in space exploration, such as the construction of multiple space stations and the plan to establish permanent habitats on the Moon. However, challenges remain, including the risk of radiation and the need to ensure the psychological well-being of astronauts during long-duration missions. The speaker also discusses the potential for terraforming Mars and emphasizes the importance of planetary liberty and mobility for future generations.
Exoplanets and the Earth Similarity Index
Many exoplanets have Earth similarity indexes (ESI) close to or above 0.9, indicating their potential habitability for humans. Mars, on the other hand, has a lower ESI of about 0.65 due to its cold temperature, lack of atmosphere, and low gravity. While Mars seems more feasible to terraform compared to other planets like Venus, it is not the most suitable candidate based on the Earth similarity index. There are other exoplanets, potentially within tens of light years away, that offer better conditions for human survival.
Challenges and Options for Interstellar Travel
The main challenge for interstellar travel is propulsion. It would take many years, possibly even centuries, to reach other stars, and the journey can become monotonous and boring. Options to address this include sedating travelers or utilizing cryostasis or androids to grow human embryos upon arrival. Generation ships, with multiple generations living and dying on the same spacecraft, are also a possible solution. While there are ideas for alternative propulsion methods, assuming no significant technological advancements, a generation ship is currently the most feasible option for leaving the solar system and reaching new habitable planets.
Chris Mason is a professor of Genomics, Physiology, and Biophysics at Weill Cornell Medicine. He is also one of the founding Directors of the WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction.
He is the author of The Next 500 Years: Engineering Life to Reach New Worlds, and the co-author of The Age of Prediction: Algorithms, AI, and the Shifting Shadows of Risk.
0:00 - Intro
2:29 - How Long Will Humanity Last?
9:01 - On Societal Pessimism and Long-Term Thinking
13:02 - Aliens!
17:36 - The NASA Twins Study
23:17 - Nature vs Nurture
25:56 - Chris’ Dream Experiments
27:45 - Genomics: Ethics, Opportunities, and the Future
37:38 - Space Race 2.0: Colonization, Regulation and Planetary Liberty
40:36 - Colonizing Mars and Achieving Planetary Liberty
45:46 - The Extreme Microbiome Project
47:14 - The Earth Similarity Index, Generation Ships and Leaving the Solar System
53:10 - Why Do Any of This in The First Place?
56:19 - The Age of Prediction
1:01:19 - On Chris, Science, Academia, and Big Questions
1:08:47 - Synthetic Biology, Cyborgs and the Future of Human Life
1:10:10 - Chris’ Biggest Goal
1:11:06 - What Should More People Be Thinking About?