The HC Commodities Podcast America's Critical Minerals Dilemma with Ashley Zumwalt-Forbes
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May 6, 2025 Ashley Zumwalt-Forbes, a mining entrepreneur and former Deputy Director for Batteries and Critical Materials at the US Department of Energy, dives into America's critical minerals dilemma. She discusses the slow progress in establishing a domestic supply chain and the implications of recent U.S. policies. The conversation highlights the potential impacts of China's export bans, the significance of critical minerals for national security, and the urgent need for innovation in processing to compete globally. A fascinating exploration of minerals' role in technology and defense!
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Career Shift to Critical Minerals
- Ashley Zumwalt-Forbes transitioned from petroleum engineering to critical minerals in 2017.
- She founded a nickel mining company and led significant mining acquisitions before joining the US Department of Energy.
China Dominates Critical Minerals
- Critical minerals include 50 mineral commodities vital to US economy and security with high supply risk.
- China controls 70-90% of many critical minerals' production, creating national security concerns.
Long Supply Chain Development Times
- Establishing critical mineral supply chains in the US takes decades, with mining projects requiring 20+ years.
- Midstream and downstream facilities take 3-5 years if technology and financing are ready.