Sophie Freud's Challenge to Hidden, Unconscious Forces

Sophie Freud, the granddaughter of Sigmund Freud, challenged the idea that human behavior is guided by hidden, unconscious forces. She viewed psychoanalysis as a narcissistic indulgence and believed that both Adolf Hitler and her own grandfather were false prophets of the 20th century. In her book 'In The Shadow of the Freud Family,' Sophie details the family conflicts she faced, not just with her grandfather, but also with her mother, father, and brother. Sophie sought to prove her grandfather wrong by conducting survey research in the 1970s, showing that women were equally capable of independent and passionate pursuits as men.