Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor John Thyfault from the University of Kansas Medical Center. We discuss how when one takes in more calories than they expend, this results in elevated fat and glucose in the blood which disrupts liver metabolism. This can result in fatty liver and insulin resistance. Exercise can prevent and treat fatty liver even independently of body weight. There are important sex differences too. We also touch on ketones, carbohydrates, insulin and the liver.

0:00. Introduction and how got into exercise/liver research
6:48. Liver metabolism during exercise
8:17. Liver and insulin resistance
10:55. Why get fatty liver?
13:28. Liver very adaptable to diet and exercise
15:52. Converting carbohydrates into fats/lipids in the liver
17:03. Why some overweight get fatty liver and others not
18:23. How exercise prevents/treats fatty liver
21:26. Liver tries to compensate for fatty liver but eventually overwhelmed
22:50. Excess calories vs exercise
Difference is turnover rate.
24:50. Liver as an energy converter
27:10. Liver uses fat for energy for new glucose production
28:15. What find of exercise to lower liver fat?
30:32. High fitness is protective of fatty liver
34:20. The body is very integrated across organs.
35:56. Energy balance and the liver
38:05. Can you outrun a bad diet?
40:40. Our dog makes an appearance!
40:46. How does the liver know we are exercising?
42:12. How does exercise make the liver more insulin sensitive?
42:44. Inactivity and the liver
44:11. Genetics/epigenetics
48:50. Sex differences and fatty liver
51:35. Translation of rodent studies to humans
54:09. Ketones, carbohydrates, insulin and the liver
58:10. Weight loss from calorie restriction vs exercise
59:09. Bile acid recycling and exercise capacity
1:02:04. Early life stress and obesity/running amount
1:04:10. Studies that worked out better than expected
1:07:26. Take home messages.
1:09:02. Outro (9 seconds)

Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.

The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.

He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).

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