This podcast discusses the use of mood stabilizers in older adults, focusing on lithium and its benefits in preventing suicide and dementia. It compares the efficacy of lithium and Valproeic acid, explores dosing considerations and potential toxicity. The use of lemotrigene as a mood stabilizer is also discussed, highlighting its effectiveness against depressive symptoms.
Lithium is often considered the gold standard mood stabilizer for older adults, as it effectively reduces manic symptoms and has anti-suicidal effects.
Valproic acid may have slight efficacy disadvantages compared to lithium, but it may be more effective in rapid cycling and mixed states in older adults.
Deep dives
Choosing a Mood Stabilizer in Older Adults
Choosing an appropriate mood stabilizer for older adults is crucial in managing bipolar disorder. Lithium is often considered the gold standard, as it effectively reduces manic symptoms and has anti-suicidal effects. Geropsychiatrists worldwide endorse lithium for older adults. A 2017 study revealed that lithium outperformed Valproeic acid in reducing manic symptoms in older adults. Additionally, low-dose lithium may even help prevent dementia. However, dosing must be adjusted in older adults to achieve optimal serum levels and prevent toxicity.
Dosing and Considerations for Valproic Acid
Valproic acid, commonly used in late-life mania, has a slight efficacy disadvantage compared to lithium. However, it may be more effective in rapid cycling and mixed states. Side effects of Valproic acid include nausea, sedation, weight gain, and rare instances of hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis. Elderly patients are more prone to elevated ammonia levels with Valproic acid. Slow and cautious dosing is necessary due to increased free circulation of the drug in the absence of sufficient protein binding in older adults.
Carbamazepine and Lamotrigene as Mood Stabilizers
Carbamazepine is second-line after lithium and valproic acid, particularly in older adults, but it carries risks of neurotoxic effects and multiple drug interactions. Monitoring blood count and managing potential cardiac effects are essential. Lamotrigene, on the other hand, is not used for treating acute mania but is effective in preventing depressive episodes in bipolar II. It is well-tolerated, but cautious dose titration is necessary to minimize the risk of severe Steven Johnson's rash in the first few months on the medication. Cognitive slipping may occur in older adults, requiring dosage adjustment.
Chris Aiken, MD, and Kellie Newsome, PMHNP have disclosed no relevant financial or other interests in any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity.
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