Wando Achebe, a West African history expert at Michigan State University, dives into the tumultuous legacy of the Benin Kingdom and its treasures. The conversation reveals the gripping journey of looted Benin Bronzes to prestigious Cambridge. Achebe elaborates on the clash of empires, the complexity of colonial legacies, and the moral dilemmas surrounding the art's restitution. This narrative intertwines personal identity and history, igniting a deeper understanding of imperialism's impacts.
Ore Ogunbi's discovery of the Okoko statue at Cambridge University reveals deep cultural loss and inspires movements for repatriation of looted artifacts.
The historical context of the Benin Kingdom illustrates the devastating impacts of imperialism and cultural appropriation on global heritage and identity.
Deep dives
The Journey of Discovery
In 2015, a first-year student named Ore Ogunbi at Cambridge University uncovered a hidden rooster statue known as the Okoko in her college dining hall. Initially unnoticed, this 125-year-old statue had a plaque indicating it was looted from Benin during a 1897 punitive expedition. Upon discovering its origins, Ore felt a mix of embarrassment and anger, which propelled her to investigate the artifact's history. Her journey unveiled a greater narrative of imperialism, cultural loss, and resilience tied to the Benin Kingdom's rich heritage.
The Historical Context of Benin
The Benin Kingdom, thriving from the 15th to 19th centuries, was known for its advanced civilization and extensive trade networks, reaching Europe. European traders, impressed by its prosperity, initially engaged in mutually beneficial exchanges before the kingdom's involvement in the transatlantic slave trade became prominent. These exchanges included raw materials for firearms, which enabled Benin to expand but also perpetuated cycles of violence. Ultimately, this dynamic set the stage for colonial conflicts, as British interests clashed with the sovereignty of the Oba, or king of Benin.
The Punitive Expedition and Its Aftermath
Tensions between the British Empire and the Benin Kingdom escalated into a disastrous punitive expedition in 1897, prompted by the ambush of a British consul's party. Following this conflict, British forces aggressively retaliated, devastating the kingdom's heritage, cultural landmarks, and leadership. During their assault, countless artifacts, including the Benin bronzes, were pillaged and later displayed in museums, perpetuating narratives of colonial superiority. This brutal history underscores the broader implications of cultural appropriation and the consequences of imperial conquests.
Reparations and Cultural Repatriation
Years later, Ore Ogunbi's investigation culminated in a successful campaign for the return of the rooster statue back to Nigeria, marking a significant milestone in discussions about repatriation of looted artifacts. This case highlights the ongoing conversation surrounding ownership of cultural treasures, emphasizing that these artifacts serve as a bridge to understanding complex histories. The return of the Okoko inspired similar movements, as various institutions pledged to return Benin bronzes to Nigeria. The broader implications of these actions stress the importance of acknowledging historical injustices and fostering collaborative efforts to heal cultural wounds.
Who owns stolen art? Today on the show, the bloody journey of a Benin Bronze from West Africa to the halls of one of England's most elite universities — a tale of imperialism, betrayal, and the making of the modern world.