Unbiased Science Hello Darkness My Old Friend: Seasonal Affective Disorder
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Oct 30, 2024 Dr. Nicole Lippman-Barile, a clinical psychologist specializing in Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), shares her expertise on this often-misunderstood condition. She discusses the clinical criteria and the biological mechanisms behind SAD, highlighting its legitimacy as a mental health issue. The conversation delves into effective treatments like light therapy and psychotherapy. Listeners gain practical strategies to combat seasonal mood changes and fatigue, and the importance of consulting healthcare providers regarding vitamin D supplementation is also emphasized.
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SAD Is A Seasonal Subtype Of Depression
- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a pattern of major depressive symptoms tied to seasons, usually fall/winter with spring/summer remission.
- SAD is a specifier of mood disorders, not a standalone diagnosis, and requires a recurring seasonal pattern over years.
Prevalence Varies By Latitude And Demographics
- SAD affects roughly 0.5–3% globally and about 5% of U.S. adults, with higher prevalence farther from the equator.
- It is more common in women (about 4:1) and overlaps with major depressive and bipolar disorders.
Light-Regulated Brain Clock Drives SAD
- The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a tiny brain clock that uses light to regulate sleep–wake cycles and hormones.
- Disrupted light exposure and circadian shifts (e.g., shorter days, DST) can throw homeostasis and contribute to SAD.