Robert Service on Lenin, Trotsky & Stalin | Secrets of Statecraft | Andrew Roberts | Hoover Institution
Aug 9, 2024
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Robert Service, a noted historian specializing in Russian history, dives deep into the turbulent legacies of Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin. He explores Lenin's totalitarian ideologies and his disconnect with the populace, while contrasting him with Trotsky's complex legacy. The discussion touches on the historical context influencing Russian preferences for strong leaders, the significance of Soviet archives, and the potential alternative outcomes of pivotal events like the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. His insights illuminate the intricate tapestry of Russian revolutionary history.
The podcast discusses the historical inaccuracies in Putin's claims about Ukraine's identity, emphasizing its established status prior to 1917.
It explores the authoritarian tendencies of Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin, highlighting their reliance on terror and repression to enforce totalitarian rule.
Deep dives
The Historical Context of Ukraine's Identity
The discussion highlights the historical attempts by Vladimir Putin to deny Ukraine's existence before the creation of the Soviet Union. This assertion is countered by evidence of Ukraine's recognized status and governance during the provisional government of 1917, as well as subsequent developments after the October Revolution. Ukraine formed its own armed units during World War I, signaling its established territorial identity prior to Lenin's decisions. The speakers emphasize that labeling Ukraine's identity as artificial is historically inaccurate and serves as propaganda.
Concerns Over Baltic States Amidst the Conflict
Putin's historical claims extend beyond Ukraine, raising concerns about the Baltic states, namely Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The potential for further Russian aggression is evident, particularly as Putin has previously questioned the legitimacy of Estonia's borders. The presence of ethnic Russian populations in these Baltic countries adds complexity, as historical patterns suggest Russia may seek to intervene under the guise of protecting their interests. The speakers assert that many ethnic Russians desire peace and recognize the benefits of living under Baltic governance compared to the chaos in Russia.
The Nature of Totalitarian Leadership
The exploration of leading figures like Lenin, Stalin, and Trotsky reveals significant overlap in their authoritarian approaches, characterized by the use of terror and repression. Lenin's commitment to Marxism led him to overlook the complex realities of governing a diverse society that resisted totalitarian ideologies. The discussion implies that Trotsky, despite being portrayed as more humane by some, would have similarly resorted to force and repression if faced with dissent. This reflects the ideological inflexibility among the Bolshevik leaders, resulting in brutal policies that deeply shaped Soviet history and governance.