Join science writer Adam Rutherford and a panel of experts as they tackle intriguing listener questions, from fossilization strategies to the rarity of green mammals. They explore topics like the multiverse, selective attention, and the potential of robots in daily life and scientific research. Dive into thought-provoking discussions on genetics, cosmology, and more!
To maximize chances of fossilization, avoid immediate consumption after death and ensure intact body placement in calm riverbeds with sediment layers for protection and mineral replacement.
The absence of green-furred mammals is attributed to mammalian dichromacy, with reptiles like snakes using structural colors and symbiotic algae for green appearances, challenging traditional camouflage notions.
Deep dives
Fossilization Process Explained
To enhance the chances of being fossilized, an individual must avoid being immediately consumed after death. Keeping bones intact and together is crucial before the fossilization process initiates. Placing the body in a cave or on a riverbed with sediment layers offers protection from scavengers and aids in fossilization by displacing organic matter with minerals. Greater success lies in choosing a calm riverbed to maintain body structures ensuring fossilization.
Absence of Green-Furred Animals Explored
While various animals possess green feathers or scales, the absence of green-furred mammals is intriguing. Mammals being dichromats and unable to distinguish red from green contributes to the lack of green fur evolution for camouflage. Green reptiles like snakes rely on structural colors rather than pigments for their green appearance. For instance, sloths develop green appearances due to algae on their fur, showcasing a symbiotic relationship and unique adaptations in species.
Hybridization and Genetic Differences in Animals
Exploring hybridization in animals underscores the blurred lines defining species in evolution. The ability of genetically distant animals to interbreed raises questions regarding species boundaries and genetic compatibility. Factors influencing successful hybridization include genetic similarity, chromosomal compatibility, and isolation mechanisms. Bird species, particularly finches, exhibit high hybridization rates, challenging traditional species definitions and highlighting genetic variability within populations.
Gravity in the Center of the Earth amidst Heat
Delving into the center of the Earth, gravity diminishes to zero, constituting a unique point of potential equilibrium. Amidst Earth's molten core, the absence of gravitational force balances mass attraction in opposite directions. Additionally, considerations of frame dragging from Earth's rotation introduce subtle gravitational effects in central regions. Theoretical concepts intertwine with practical challenges like planetary motion impacts on experiments involving centered gravity.
Adam Rutherford and panellists Helen Czerski, Andrew Pontzen and Nick Crumpton answer listeners' science questions: What's the best way to become fossilised when you die? What are the most genetically different animals than can breed, either in the wild or in captivity? Why are there no animals with green fur? If one of the fundamental constants, like the speed of light, was 50% faster how would it affect our universe and would the universe even exist? Can we infer where the edge of our expanding universe is from its age - is that even a sensible question? Would you experience zero gravity at the centre of the Earth? At a busy airport are the chances of meeting and finding each other better if one person stays put in a space while the other person searches, or if both parties wander around searching? Find out the answers to these and more.
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