Are we in for a hard landing? With Olivier Blanchard
Jun 17, 2024
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Former IMF chief economist Olivier Blanchard joins Soumaya Keynes to discuss the responses of 10 central banks to recent inflation, potential causes, and the need for a hard landing to reach 2%. They also cover Blanchard's changed views, France's right-wing shift, and various economic strategies including VAT reductions and early elections.
Inflation dynamics are influenced by labor market and commodity shocks, not just traditional factors like tight labor markets or unanchored inflation expectations.
Adjustments in economic models are necessary due to unexpected channels of inflation, requiring updates in textbooks while retaining core concepts.
Deep dives
Causes of Inflation: Labor Market and Commodity Shocks
In the podcast, Olivier Blachard discusses the causes of inflation, emphasizing the impact of labor market and commodity shocks. He highlights that while traditional models focused on tight labor markets or unanchored inflation expectations, they overlooked the role of relative price shocks, particularly from commodity markets. Blachard suggests that understanding these factors is crucial in explaining inflation dynamics.
Lessons for Economics: Updates to Economic Models
Blachard reflects on the lessons learned from the recent inflation episode and its implications for economic models. He acknowledges the need for minor adjustments in existing models based on the unexpected channels through which inflation occurred. Blachard suggests updating key sections of economic textbooks while maintaining the core concepts that were validated during the inflation episode.
Policy Responses: Fiscal Tools for Economic Stability
Blachard discusses the potential role of fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy in case of a hard landing scenario. He highlights the importance of utilizing fiscal tools such as targeted VAT reductions and adaptable unemployment benefits to counter economic shocks effectively. Blachard emphasizes the need for automatic and well-timed fiscal interventions as complementary measures to monetary policy.
Olivier Blanchard is the former chief economist of the IMF and a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington. He collaborated with former Fed chair Ben Bernanke to study the responses of 10 central banks to the recent bout of inflation, what we know about its causes, and whether finally getting it back to 2% will require a hard landing. In a wide-ranging chat with Soumaya, he also discusses areas where he has changed his mind, as well as the recent tilt towards the right in France.
Soumaya Keynes writes a column each week for the Financial Times. You can find it here.