Political economist Helen Thompson discusses the rise and fall of the gold standard, its instability, and the transition to fiat money. Topics include why gold was chosen, the source of instability, and the impact of quantitative easing. Explore the evolution of the gold standard, political shifts in the 1930s, and the challenges of moving away from commodity-backed currency.
The gold standard provided stability in international trade relations by anchoring currency to a fixed rate of gold exchange.
The debate between gold and silver symbolized broader political conflicts and tensions surrounding democratic reform.
Deep dives
The Rise and Fall of the Gold Standard
The podcast delves into the historical context of the gold standard, exploring its heyday in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The gold standard functioned as an international currency system based on gold, providing stability and predictability in trade relations. The system was centered on the convertibility of banknotes to gold at a fixed rate, facilitating international trade without significant concerns about currency fluctuations. However, the podcast highlights how the gold standard faced challenges and ultimately broke down at various points in history, leading to questions about its sustainability and effectiveness.
Political and Economic Contestation of the Gold Standard
The episode discusses the political and economic tensions surrounding the gold standard, especially in the United States and Europe. There was a significant divide between advocates of gold and silver, with silver representing the people and gold symbolizing elite politics. The podcast explores how the gold standard became a symbol of political conflict and democratic reform, with different groups viewing it through contrasting lenses. The debate between gold and silver underscored broader issues of political power and economic stability within the international financial system.
The Impact of War and Crisis on the Gold Standard
The podcast examines how historical events and crises, such as the outbreak of World War I, the Great Depression, and geopolitical shifts, influenced the effectiveness of the gold standard. Wars and political chaos often strained the system, leading to its breakdown and necessitating rapid responses. The podcast highlights how the gold standard faced challenges in adapting to changing geopolitical landscapes and economic pressures, ultimately affecting its long-term viability.
Transition to Fiat Money and Challenges Post-1970s
The episode transitions to discussing the shift from the gold standard to fiat money and the challenges faced in the post-1970s era. The emergence of fiat money and practices like quantitative easing represented a departure from traditional monetary systems. The podcast explores the implications of central banks deviating from the gold standard and adopting alternative monetary policies, leading to debates about stability, security, and the role of physical constraints in the modern global economy. This shift raises questions about the sustainability of current financial systems and the potential consequences of diverging from historical currency norms.
In the second episode in our series on bad ideas David talks to the political economist Helen Thompson about the gold standard, which was meant to anchor the world economy until it all fell apart a hundred years ago. Why does gold so often appear like a stable basis for money in an unstable world – and why not silver? What made the gold standard a source of instability instead? How can money work if it has no material basis? And is quantitative easing a bad idea as well?
For ad-free listening and bonus episodes – including more bad ideas – subscribe to PPF+ www.ppfideas.com
Next time on The History of Bad Ideas: Kathleen Stock on Facebook Friends