Neil Cohn, "Who Understands Comics?: Questioning the Universality of Visual Language Comprehension" (Bloomsbury, 2020)
Oct 30, 2023
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Neil Cohn, author of 'Who Understands Comics?: Questioning the Universality of Visual Language Comprehension', challenges the assumption of universal comprehension of visual narratives. He explores the complexity of interpreting images, cultural variations, and the developmental trajectory in acquiring the ability to comprehend visual narratives. The podcast also covers topics like the brain's predictions and updates in comics, the influence of disordered focus on comic popularity, methods in visual language comprehension studies, children's development of visual language fluency, and the differences between films and comics in comprehension processes.
Visual narratives, such as comics, require greater complexity and decoding than widely assumed.
Comics are not a visual language themselves, but written in a visual language, highlighting the complexity of visual narratives.
Early exposure and practice are crucial for developing fluency in understanding and producing visual narratives, similar to learning spoken language.
Deep dives
Understanding the Complexity of Visual Narratives
The book 'Who Understands Comics' by Dr. Neil Cohen explores the complexity of visual narratives and challenges the assumption that their understanding is universally transparent. Dr. Cohen argues that visual narratives, such as comics, involve much greater complexity and decoding than widely thought. The book combines research from linguistics, cognitive science, and clinical psychology to demonstrate that the comprehension of sequential images requires fluency, which is contingent on exposure and practice with a graphic system. The main takeaway is that the understanding of sequential images is more complex than commonly acknowledged and requires competency to decode the images.
Visual Language and its Misconceptions
Dr. Cohen emphasizes that comics are not a visual language themselves, but rather, they are written in a visual language. The misconception of comics as a visual language arises from a lack of recognition of the complexity and structural elements involved in visual narratives. Dr. Cohen's research focuses on understanding the visual languages used in comics and how they vary across different cultures and contexts. By distinguishing between comics and visual languages, Dr. Cohen expands the scope of visual language theory and its potential applications beyond comic studies.
Fluency in Visual Language and its Development
Dr. Cohen's research highlights the importance of early exposure and practice in developing fluency in understanding and producing visual narratives. Surveys indicate that the average age for reading comics is around eight, while drawing comics begins at around nine. However, these ages may vary depending on cultural influences and individual experiences. The development of visual language fluency progresses from recognizing individual images to comprehending sequential images as a sequence. Proficiency in visual language is acquired through exposure and practice, analogous to the learning trajectory of spoken language. Early exposure to visual narratives provides a foundation for the comprehension of more complex structures.
Book: The Patterns of Comics
The Patterns of Comics is a forthcoming book that analyzes over 350 comics from Europe, America, and Asia. It explores systematic tendencies, cross-cultural variabilities, and the similarities of visual languages beyond national boundaries. The book delves into different structural properties, including panel analysis, scene changes, and the evolution of structures over time. It also highlights the influence of storyboarding on filmic storytelling and challenges assumptions about language and graphic communication.
Multimodal Language Faculty and Graphic Novel
Neil is also working on a book titled A Multimodal Language Faculty, which proposes a new paradigm of language and communication. This book examines different forms of communication, including comics, memes, and emoji, and aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of language structures. Additionally, Neil is creating a 300-page nonfiction graphic novel that explores the structure of visual languages and graphic communication, catering to a wider audience. The graphic novel will present the structures of language and graphics while discussing their similarities and drawing on research findings.
Drawings and sequential images are so pervasive in contemporary society that we may take their understanding for granted. But how transparent are they really, and how universally are they understood? Combining recent advances from linguistics, cognitive science, and clinical psychology, Who Understands Comics?: Questioning the Universality of Visual Language Comprehension (Bloomsbury, 2020) argues that visual narratives involve greater complexity and require a lot more decoding than widely thought. Although increasingly used beyond the sphere of entertainment as materials in humanitarian, educational, and experimental contexts, Neil Cohn demonstrates that their universal comprehension cannot be assumed. Instead, understanding a visual language requires a fluency that is contingent on exposure and practice with a graphic system. Bringing together a rich but scattered literature on how people comprehend, and learn to comprehend, a sequence of images, this book coalesces research from a diverse range of fields into a broader interdisciplinary view of visual narrative to ask: Who Understands Comics?
In this interview, Dr. Cohn discusses some common misconceptions about comics, the ability to read and make comics, and how drawings are at the core of so many creations.
Who Understands Comics? was Nominated for the 2021 Eisner Award for Best Academic/Scholarly Work
Dr. Niel Cohn is currently an Associate Professor at the Tilburg center for Cognition and Communication at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, Neil Cohn is an American cognitive scientist best known for his pioneering research on the overlap in cognition between graphic communication and language. His books, The Visual Language of Comics (2013) and the 2021 Eisner-nominated Who Understands Comics? (2020), establish a foundation for the scientific study of comics' structure.
Elizabeth Allyn Woock an assistant professor in the Department of English and American Studies at Palacky University in the Czech Republic with an interdisciplinary background in history and popular literature. Her specialization falls within the study of comic books and graphic novels.