China’s Underground Historians: A Conversation with Ian Johnson
Sep 26, 2023
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Ian Johnson, author of Sparks: China's Underground Historians and Their Battle for the Future, discusses underground historians in China and their battle for control of the country's history. He explains how these historians challenge the official narrative and potentially shape the future trajectory of China. Johnson urges Western intellectuals to engage with these historians and recognize their work in an authoritarian system.
Underground historians in China challenge the government narrative and aim to uncover suppressed historical truths, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of Chinese history.
Engaging with underground historians can shape China's future trajectory by challenging prevailing narratives, spreading information, and potentially contributing to social movements and shifts in public opinion.
Deep dives
The Rise of Underground Historians in China
This podcast episode features a discussion with Ian Johnson, a Senior Fellow for China Studies, about his book 'Sparks: China's Underground Historians and their Battle for the Future'. Johnson highlights the emergence of underground historians in China who challenge the official government narrative and aim to uncover suppressed historical truths. He emphasizes the importance of recognizing and engaging with these historians, who have persevered despite government restrictions and censorship. Johnson also explores how these historians impact China's trajectory, urging for a more nuanced understanding of China beyond the prevailing view of it being a monolithic authoritarian state.
The Impact of History Control in China
The podcast delves into the significance of history control in China and how successive Chinese leaders, including Xi Jinping, have used history to legitimize their rule. Johnson discusses the Chinese Communist Party's narrative, which presents itself as the only force capable of saving China from foreign intervention and achieving national rejuvenation. He explains how the party's control of historical narratives whitewashes past mistakes and suppresses dissent, allowing it to maintain its grip on power. Johnson also highlights similarities and differences between Xi Jinping's approach to history control and that of previous Chinese leaders.
The Role of Underground Historians in Shaping China's Future
Johnson emphasizes the importance of underground historians in shaping China's future. He notes that these historians challenge the prevailing narrative and enable a deeper understanding of China's history beyond the version propagated by the Chinese government. Johnson highlights how these historians have played a crucial role in spreading information and ideas despite government restrictions. While their immediate impact on government policies may be limited, Johnson suggests that in the long-term, their work could contribute to social movements and shifts in public opinion. Johnson calls for greater recognition and engagement with these historians and their contributions to the understanding of China.
The Need for Engagement and Recognition
The podcast concludes by emphasizing the importance of engaging with underground historians and recognizing their work. Johnson argues that Western intellectual circles should seek more opportunities to collaborate with these historians, whether through fellowships or film festivals. He highlights the need for increased translation of their works, enabling a wider audience to understand and appreciate their contributions. Johnson also dispels the notion that China is devoid of positive developments and argues for a deeper understanding and appreciation of the dynamic civil society and grassroots movements that exist within the country. By engaging with these historians, Western society can gain insights into China's complexities and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of US-China relations.
In this episode of the ChinaPower Podcast, we are joined by Ian Johnson to discuss his new book Sparks: China’s Underground Historians and Their Battle for the Future, whichsheds light on China’s dissident journals and historians. Ian explains that Xi Jinping has made shaping narratives of history one of his signature priorities. He further explains how underground historians are still fighting to control the understanding of Chinese history and, with time, could shape the future trajectory of their country. Johnson urges Western intellectuals to engage with these Chinese historians and to understand the diversity of views within China.
Ian Johnson is a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and is an expert on Chinese politics, society, and religion. He has lived more than twenty years in China as a student, journalist, and teacher. His work appears regularly in The New York Review of Books, The New York Times, and other publications, and for five years he was on the editorial board of The Journal of Asian Studies.
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