March 2025 Recall: Topics on Peripheral Neuropathy and Radiculopathy
Mar 1, 2025
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Dr. Anne Oaklander, an Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard, discusses the connection between long COVID and small fiber neuropathy, shedding light on significant diagnostic challenges. She also shares effective management strategies. Dr. Carmel Armon from Loma Linda University tackles the efficacy of epidural steroid injections for spinal issues, presenting mixed results. The conversation highlights the importance of personalized treatment plans and improved research for managing neuropathic pain and conditions like diabetic neuropathy.
Research indicates a significant association between long COVID and the onset of small-fiber neuropathies, highlighting diagnostic challenges in recovery.
New practice guidelines for painful diabetic neuropathy emphasize a holistic treatment approach that includes addressing mood and sleep disorders.
Recent studies show limited efficacy of epidural steroid injections for cervical and lumbar radiculopathies, necessitating better patient counseling on outcomes.
Deep dives
Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy in Long COVID
The emergence of peripheral neuropathy in patients recovering from COVID-19 has raised significant clinical interest. Research indicates that many individuals experience new neuropathies well after the virus's onset, with symptoms often beginning within a month of infection. In a study comprising 17 patients, skin biopsy and autonomic testing were found to be especially revealing diagnostics, where over 60% of participants exhibited abnormal findings. Most notably, the study suggested that a substantial number of these cases were small fiber neuropathies, aligning with broader trends observed in long COVID symptoms that overlap with those of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Relapsing-Remitting Small Fiber Neuropathy
The investigation into relapsing-remitting small fiber neuropathy has unveiled unique characteristics that challenge common diagnostic perceptions. A 10-year longitudinal study of a single patient illustrated the complexities of this condition, showing it could present as both relapsing and remitting, with varied symptoms disconnecting from traditional autoimmune markers. This case highlighted the importance of specialized diagnostic tools like skin biopsies for accurately identifying small fiber neuropathy, which is frequently misidentified as other conditions such as fibromyalgia. The addition of standardized symptom surveys and neurologic exams has proven beneficial in tracking disease progression and response to treatment over time.
Guidelines for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Treatment
Recent practice guidelines for managing painful diabetic neuropathy stress the significance of holistic treatment approaches that extend beyond medication alone. Assessing for concurrent mood and sleep disorders is essential, as these conditions can exacerbate pain perceptions. The updated recommendations categorize treatments into several classes, including gabapentinoids and tricyclic antidepressants, highlighting their modest effectiveness and setting realistic patient expectations for pain relief. Importantly, these guidelines advocate for a comprehensive approach involving rational polypharmacy, where treatments from different pharmacological classes may be used in combination, tailored to enhance patient quality of life.
Epidural Steroid Injections for Radicular Pain
Epidural steroid injections are commonly considered for managing cervical and lumbar radicular pain, yet new evidence suggests their efficacy may be limited. Reviews indicate that while these injections can provide short-term relief, the majority of patients do not experience significant improvement at the three- or six-month marks, aligning with control treatments. Studies have cited numbers needed to treat that suggest many individuals receiving injections may end up achieving similar outcomes as those who do not. This calls for careful counseling around patient expectations and the recognition of the nuanced benefits of this intervention.
The Importance of Research in Pain Management
Inadequate evidence in existing studies on intervention strategies has revealed significant gaps in pain management protocols, reinforcing the need for robust research moving forward. Recommendations for controlled studies stress the necessity of defining outcome measures based on minimal clinically meaningful improvement, which remains underrepresented in current literature. A consistent approach to using placebo controls, such as saline injections, is emphasized to clarify treatment effectiveness accurately. These directives aim to enhance future studies' integrity, potentially leading to more precise guidelines for community practitioners managing complex neuropathic pain conditions.
The March 2025 replay features four previously released episodes focused on peripheral neuropathy and radiculopathy. The episode begins with Dr. Anne Oaklander discussing the association between long COVID and the development of polyneuropathy affecting small-fiber axons. This is followed by another interview with Dr. Oaklander, where she shares key takeaways for clinicians regarding the management of small-fiber neuropathy. The third segment features Drs. Raymond Price and Brian Callaghan discussing practice guidelines for painful diabetic neuropathy. The episode concludes with Dr. Carmel Armon addressing the efficacy of epidural steroid injections in treating cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis and radiculopathies.