#63 Were the Early Christians Calvinists? - Joe Heschmeyer
Feb 8, 2024
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Joe Heschmeyer explores whether early Christians believed in predestination according to John Calvin's definition. The podcast discusses different views on predestination, the influence of Stoicism on early Christianity, and the similarities between Calvinism and ancient pagan philosophy. It also examines Augustine's evolving views on predestination and grace, and addresses the reasons behind the differences in beliefs between early Christians and Calvinists.
The early Christians did not align with Calvinism and did not believe in a deterministic and absolute predestination.
Augustine's views on predestination were inconsistent, leading to ongoing scholarly debates and indicating a lack of certainty in Calvinistic interpretations.
The fundamental differences between early Christian beliefs and Calvinistic doctrines raise doubts about the compatibility of Calvinism with early Christian teachings.
Deep dives
The early Christians did not believe in Calvinistic predestination
The early Christians did not hold the same beliefs about predestination as Calvinists. While debates on predestination, free will, and grace existed among Christians, the early Christians did not align with Calvinism. Calvinist beliefs were not part of the equation for the early Christians, and it appears that these beliefs were invented during the Reformation. The early Christians emphasized the role of free will and the merit of individual actions in determining rewards or punishments, rather than a deterministic and absolute predestination. Augustine's views on predestination were not consistent, vacillating over time, and his later opinions on the topic are subject to ongoing scholarly debates. Overall, the early Christian perspective on predestination differs significantly from Calvinistic beliefs.
Contradictions in Augustine's views on predestination
Augustine's views on predestination underwent significant shifts throughout his life. In his earlier writings, he recognized the role of free will and the merit of individual actions, attributing the origin of evil to human choices. However, in his later writings, Augustine's views on predestination seemed to emphasize divine grace and predestination more strongly. Scholars continue to debate the coherence of Augustine's mature teaching on grace, predestination, and free will. This indicates that Augustine's views were not consistent and may not provide a strong foundation for Calvinistic beliefs. His attempts to understand Romans 9, an obscure biblical passage, reveal his struggle to reconcile certain theological concepts.
Confusion and inconsistency in Calvinist interpretations of history
The early Christians, with the exception of Augustine, did not espouse Calvinistic beliefs on predestination. It is incorrect to claim that all ancient theologians were confused, vacillating, and contradictory on this subject. The early Christians presented a coherent belief in the role of free will, individual accountability, and the merit of one's actions. It is problematic to dismiss these early Christian beliefs as misguided attempts to appease philosophers. Moreover, Augustine's own views on predestination, grace, and free will are subject to scholarly disagreements, indicating the lack of certainty in Calvinistic interpretations of history. By contrasting early Christian beliefs with later Calvinistic doctrines, it becomes clear that the early Christians did not adhere to Calvinism.
Challenges in harmonizing Calvinism with early Christian beliefs
Calvinism presents challenges in harmonizing its beliefs with the teachings of the early Christians. The divergence of views on predestination, grace, and free will between Calvinistic interpretations and early Christian beliefs raises questions about the core tenets of Calvinism. If the early Christians, who were closer in time to the apostles, did not understand predestination in a Calvinistic manner, it calls into question the validity of Calvinistic interpretations. Furthermore, the fundamental differences between early Christian beliefs and Calvinistic doctrines on various theological matters, such as the Eucharist, infant baptism, and the authority of bishops, raise doubts about the compatibility of Calvinism with early Christian teachings.
Critical examination of Calvinistic interpretations and their implications
Calvinistic interpretations of predestination should be critically examined in light of the beliefs and teachings of the early Christians. The absence of early Christian adherence to Calvinistic doctrines, the inconsistencies in Augustine's views, and challenges in harmonizing Calvinism with early Christian beliefs all raise important theological questions. It is essential to carefully consider the foundation and coherence of Calvinistic interpretations and their implications for understanding the early Christian faith and the development of Christian theology.
The Protestant Reformer John Calvin claimed that from all eternity, God has predestined some people to heaven (the elect) and others to hell (the reprobate), and there's nothing anyone can do to go from one category to the other.…
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