Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas 233 | Hugo Mercier on Reasoning and Skepticism
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Apr 17, 2023 Hugo Mercier, a cognitive scientist and author of "The Enigma of Reason," dives into the origins of human reasoning and its societal implications. He argues that our skepticism often fails, as we doubt non-conforming claims rather than radical ones. Mercier explores how reasoning shapes our beliefs, the influence of social dynamics on cult beliefs, and the importance of trust in communication. The discussion underscores the need for open-mindedness in a polarized world while navigating misinformation and understanding our cognitive biases.
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Reason vs. Rationality
- Reason is distinct from logic or rationality, encompassing the ability to give and evaluate justifications.
- Animals can be rational without using reason, while humans can use reason irrationally.
Modular Mind
- Dual-process models (System 1, System 2) oversimplify thinking by positing a "homunculus" for System 2.
- The human mind, like other complex systems, is modular, with numerous mechanisms working independently.
Meta-Reasoning
- Humans, unlike other animals, use reason to explain their actions.
- This "meta" ability requires complex communication, enabling us to give and evaluate reasons.
