Psychologist, neuroscientist, and satirist Mark Humphries discuss the history and perception of humor, theories of humor and punching up versus punching down, the measurement of humor styles, and the neuroscience of comedic improvisation.
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Quick takeaways
Laughter can strengthen social bonds and signal likability, creating a sense of connection in conversation.
Comedians use incongruity theory to engage audiences by combining unexpected or contradictory elements in their humor.
Deep dives
The Power of Laughter and Social Connection
Laughter and humor have a strong social component. We often laugh more in conversation than in response to jokes, creating a sense of connection and likability. Laughter can signal that we are liked by others and help us feel less threatening, strengthening our social bonds. Comedians and humor writers use incongruity theory, which involves combining unexpected or contradictory elements, to create humor that engages the audience. Superiority theory suggests that humor is used to demonstrate one's own superiority and the inferiority of others. However, it is important to consider the ethical aspect of punching up versus punching down in comedy and satire.
Exploring the Psychology of Humor
Humor styles, such as affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor, can be measured using tools like the humor styles questionnaire. People with different personality traits may gravitate towards different humor styles. For example, extroverted individuals may use affiliative humor to enhance relationships, while those with higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of agreeableness may engage in self-defeating and aggressive humor. However, it is important to note that research on comedians' personalities is limited and controversial.
Comedic Creativity and the Funny Brain
Neuroscientists have explored the brain activity of comedians during joke creation. Comedians show less activity in the prefrontal cortex, responsible for self-awareness and regulation, and more activity in the temporal lobes, which enable spontaneous connections between ideas. This suggests that reducing the interference of self-awareness allows for more creative and spontaneous comedy. Similar to music improvisation, there is variability in brain activity depending on the complexity of the comedic task. The ultimate goal of comedy is to make people laugh, spread joy, and create a sense of shared humanity.