Hajar Yazdiha, "The Struggle for the People’s King: How Politics Transforms the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement" (Princeton UP, 2023)
Jan 12, 2024
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Hajar Yazdiha, an expert in post-civil rights era activism, discusses the transformation of the memory of the Civil Rights Movement. She explores the distortion of history by right-wing social movements who claim the collective memory of civil rights as the newly oppressed minorities. The podcast delves into the contested legacy of Martin Luther King Jr., the branches of his memory, and the consequences of distorting his message on multicultural democracy.
The memory of the civil rights movement has been strategically distorted by right-wing groups to erode multicultural democracy and roll back civil rights advancements.
The competition over the moral authority of Martin Luther King Jr.'s memory plays a role in shaping different branches of activism and their use in political discourse.
Deep dives
The Struggle for the People's King
The author, Hajar Isdia, discusses her book and the significance of the civil rights movement in shaping collective memory. She explores the reverse racism arguments that emerged during the Obama presidency and the rise of the Tea Party as a reaction. Isdia delves into the question of how Dr. King's words are being used in conservative claims of white victimhood. She highlights the long process of institutionalizing the King holiday and the debates that shaped its memory. Isdia examines the intentional political strategy of erasing the radical elements of King's legacy, leading to the creation of a safe and acceptable version of King that upholds American exceptionalism.
Memory and Ideological Debates
The initial King holiday faced 15 years of ideological debates and opposition due to controversies surrounding Martin Luther King Jr. For a long time, King was seen as divisive and faced disapproval even after speaking out against the Vietnam War. The memory of King as a mythical hero was not prevalent at the time, but rather seen as someone with conspiracy theories and divisive views. Eventually, Ronald Reagan signed the King holiday into law, but he intentionally shaped the memory of King to fit his conception of America, excluding the radical aspects and emphasizing peace, love, and the American dream.
Competing Memories and Symbolic Boundaries
The memory of King branches out into different trajectories, shaped by symbolic boundaries and the strategic use of memory. Isdia explores the different branches that emerge, such as the neoliberal colorblindness branch in the '90s and the claim of civil rights by minority rights groups. She also highlights the use of King's memory by the LGBTQ movement, immigrant rights movement, and Muslim rights movement. The competition over the moral authority of King's memory plays a role in shaping these branches and the way they are used in political discourse.
Consequences and Importance of Memory Distortion
The distortion of King's memory has significant consequences for American society and democracy. Revisionist histories using King's memory have been used to erode multicultural democracy and roll back civil rights advancements, including repealing affirmative action and voting rights protections. Memory distortion also contributes to the polarization and division in American politics, as right-wing groups strategically use the memory of the civil rights movement to drive wedges between black and other minority groups. Moreover, the politics of upholding the status quo through distorted memory hinders creativity, limits political imagination, and makes alternative possibilities seem impossible. Isdia's current project focuses on truth and reconciliation initiatives in the United States, aiming to confront community histories and bridge divides.
In the post-civil rights era, wide-ranging groups have made civil rights claims that echo those made by Black civil rights activists of the 1960s, from people with disabilities to women's rights activists and LGBTQ coalitions. Increasingly since the 1980s, white, right-wing social movements, from family values coalitions to the alt-right, now claim the collective memory of civil rights to portray themselves as the newly oppressed minorities. The Struggle for the People’s King: How Politics Transforms the Memory of the Civil Rights Movement(Princeton UP, 2023) reveals how, as these powerful groups remake collective memory toward competing political ends, they generate offshoots of remembrance that distort history and threaten the very foundations of multicultural democracy.
In the revisionist memories of white conservatives, gun rights activists are the new Rosa Parks, antiabortion activists are freedom riders, and antigay groups are the defenders of Martin Luther King's Christian vision. Drawing on a wealth of evidence ranging from newspaper articles and organizational documents to television transcripts, press releases, and focus groups, Hajar Yazdiha documents the consequential reimagining of the civil rights movement in American political culture from 1980 to today. She shows how the public memory of King and civil rights has transformed into a vacated, sanitized collective memory that evades social reality and perpetuates racial inequality.
Powerful and persuasive, The Struggle for the People's King demonstrates that these oppositional uses of memory fracture our collective understanding of who we are, how we got here, and where we go next.