Lawfare Archive: Jack Goldsmith on Obama's War Powers Legacy
Nov 10, 2023
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Legal expert on war powers issues, Jack Goldsmith, discusses President Obama's aggressive approach to initiating overseas conflicts and his expansion of war powers. The podcast analyzes Obama's interpretation of executive power, military commissions, detention without trial, and the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF). It also explores Obama's views on war powers, including his broad view of constitutional power and expansion of statutory authorization in cases like Libya and Syria.
President Obama expanded the president's constitutional power to use military force without congressional authorization, creating legal space for future presidents to engage in war without requiring approval.
President Obama essentially gutted the War Powers Resolution, undermining checks and balances established by Congress and weakening legislative oversight in authorizing military actions.
Deep dives
President Obama's broad claims of constitutional and statutory authority to initiate conflict
This podcast episode explores President Obama's broad claims of constitutional and statutory authority to initiate conflict. It discusses how his claims of inherent executive power to initiate conflict, his interpretation of the War Powers Resolution, and his expansive interpretation of the 2001 AUMF have shaped his war powers legacy.
The expansion of the president's constitutional powers
President Obama has expanded the president's constitutional power to use military force without congressional authorization. Examples include the use of force in Libya, claiming the authority to protect regional stability and enforce international norms, and using humanitarian intervention as a justification. This expansion creates a legal space for future presidents to engage in war from a distance, such as through drone strikes and cyber warfare, without requiring congressional approval.
Gutting of the War Powers Resolution
President Obama has essentially gutted the War Powers Resolution, a 1973 law that aimed to limit the president's unilateral use of military force. By interpreting the term 'hostilities' narrowly, he argued that the seven-month-long air campaign in Libya did not violate the resolution. This interpretation undermines the checks and balances established by Congress and weakens the role of legislative oversight in authorizing military actions.
Expanding the 2001 AUMF
President Obama has also expanded the statutory authorization granted by the 2001 AUMF. Originally intended to target those responsible for the 9/11 attacks, he extended it to cover the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. This dramatic expansion of the law allows the president to take military action against new threats without seeking specific congressional approval, setting dangerous precedents for future presidents.
From November 8, 2014: Last month, Jack gave a talk at the Hoover Institution on President Obama's war powers legacy. It's a remarkable address: hard-hitting, clear, and sure to discomfort Obama's defenders on war powers issues. In essence, Jack argues that Obama has gone way beyond President Bush in the aggressiveness of his approach vis a vis Congress to initiating overseas conflict.