The word 'hello' in different languages can have religious or cultural connotations, such as Arabic's 'salam' meaning peace or Hawaiian's 'aloha' meaning love.
Greetings and farewells vary in formality and cultural context, with some languages using greetings as farewells and vice versa, like English's 'good day' and Spanish's 'adios.'
Deep dives
Derivation of Hello
The word 'hello' in English doesn't have a specific semantic meaning but serves as a greeting. Its etymology is not well-known, but it may have originated from a word used to get someone's attention. Different languages have their own ways of saying hello, with some having religious connotations like Arabic's 'salam' meaning peace, or cultural associations like Hawaiian's 'aloha' which literally means love.
Variety in Greetings
Greetings can vary in formality and cultural context. For example, Mandarin's 'Nihao' is more formal and used with acquaintances, while closer relationships often jump to scripted greeting questions. In Chinese culture, older generations sometimes use greetings like 'Nicho fannma' meaning 'Have you eaten?' as a culturally symbolic farewell. Similarly, good day is a farewell in English, but in many European languages, like German and Spanish, it is used as a greeting.
Farewell and Borrowed Greetings
Farewells often convey well wishes or indicate a future encounter, such as English's 'goodbye' being a contraction of 'God be with you.' Some farewells have uncertain origins like Spanish's 'adios,' which lacks additional meanings. Greetings and farewells can also be borrowed from other languages, as seen in Filipino's 'kumusta' derived from Spanish's 'como estas' and English speakers occasionally using 'ciao' borrowed from Italian. Additionally, different languages have specific greetings for answering telephones, such as Chinese's 'wei' or Spanish's 'bueno.'