Sara Caputo, author of "Tracks on the Ocean" and lecturer at Cambridge University, explores the unseen maritime pathways that have influenced history. She discusses how mapping changes reflect shifts in power and exploration narratives. From the evolution of navigation techniques to the territorial claims of empires, Caputo reveals the stories behind historical voyages. She also highlights the environmental impacts of modern maritime routes and the transforming relationship between humanity and the ocean, showcasing how lines on maps tell profound tales.
The transition from verbal navigation to map-based tracking reflects a significant shift in how exploration is perceived and executed.
The drawing of imaginary maritime tracks has historically played a crucial role in territorial claims and the legal complexities of empire-building.
Deep dives
The Concept of Tracks on the Ocean
The notion of 'tracks' refers to the imaginary lines humans leave on maps that represent their journeys across the world. This idea challenges the conventional understanding of travel, which is often viewed as a linear progression from point A to B. Historically, before the emergence of these tracks, ancient navigators relied on verbal descriptions of routes, making their journeys more contextually embedded and interactive with the environment. This shift to tracking movements on maps reflects the power of ideas and how they can dominate perceptions of space, essentially marking the world rather than dwelling within its structures.
Evolution of Navigational Techniques
The evolution of navigational techniques is illustrated through historical examples like Magellan and Cook, highlighting the transition from symbolic journey tracks to more accurate representations. Initially, tracks were often imaginative and imprecise, as exemplified by Magellan's circumnavigation, which lacked precise navigational knowledge. In contrast, James Cook's expeditions incorporated advanced techniques for pinpointing locations, resulting in more accurate charting of his journeys. This increased precision formed a basis for future maps and tracks, blending navigation with cartography to reflect maritime exploration's growing complexity.
Cultural and Legal Implications of Tracks
The drawing of tracks on maps carries significant cultural and legal dimensions, particularly in the context of empire-building. By marking a stretch of ocean, navigators and explorers often claimed new territories and asserted dominance, leading to contentious discussions about maritime rights. Debates, such as those between Hugo Grotius and John Selden, illustrate this tension over oceanic ownership, shaping the legal framework surrounding maritime exploration. Consequently, these tracks not only symbolize individual voyages but also embody the collective mindset and ambitions of expanding empires seeking to assert their presence across the globe.
Each ocean voyage through history has laid down a track that tells a story. These invisible pathways across the seas can reveal how the world has been shaped by power, conquest and exploration. Dr Sara Caputo tells Elinor Evans more about how lines on a map can have real-world consequences.
(Ad) Sara Caputo is the author of Tracks on the Ocean: A History of Trailblazing, Maps and Maritime Travel (Profile Books, 2024). Buy it now from Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Paths-Ocean-Journeys-Became-Lines/dp/1788168828/?tag=bbchistory045-21&ascsubtag=historyextra-social-histboty.
Here, Jonn Elledge considers how the lines we draw on maps have determined the course of history: https://link.chtbl.com/5bDP91Ns.
The HistoryExtra podcast is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine.