Whataboutism and the China Debate: A Panel at Australian National University | Ep. 128
Nov 1, 2022
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A panel of political scientists and experts at Australian National University discuss 'whataboutism' in the China debate, addressing comparisons made between China's actions and other countries' historical actions. They explore the ethical and political aspects of whataboutism, including its effects on public debate, the destructive power of whataboutism in politics, challenges in foreign policy, and the role of academics in advancing national interest.
Comparative analysis allows us to understand the complexities of different countries' actions and prevent threat inflation or deflation.
Practicing an even-handed approach in comparative analysis by considering relevant and reasonable comparisons helps shed light on issues and avoid political agendas.
Maintaining consistency and integrity in comparative analysis is crucial to avoid distorting analysis and compromising ethical principles.
Deep dives
The Role of Comparative Analysis in Foreign Policy
Comparative analysis plays a crucial role in foreign policy, allowing us to understand the complexities and nuances of different countries' actions. It helps us gain a sense of proportionality and validity in our judgments, preventing both threat inflation and threat deflation. However, it is important to be aware of the political implications of our analyses, considering whose agenda they may benefit. We must also take into account the historical context and avoid decontextualizing information, as this can lead to distorted analysis. By centering our political values, such as human freedom and democracy, we can guard against compromising our principles and becoming complicit in human oppression. It is essential to engage in open and nuanced debates, acknowledging both the merits and flaws of all great powers, while avoiding a dichotomous and polarizing discourse that labels any questioning as disloyal. Disagreeing well and focusing on the arguments rather than attacking individuals can lead to fruitful discussions and better understandings.
Navigating the Challenges of Comparative Analysis
Comparative analysis presents challenges when analyzing foreign policy. The choice of which countries to criticize or compare can be complex, influenced by various factors, including political agendas. It is crucial to practice an even-handed approach, considering relevant and reasonable comparisons that shed light on the issues at hand. This requires being aware of the political implications of our analyses and avoiding decontextualization. While there is a risk of being labeled disloyal or unpatriotic when questioning policies or comparing actions, it is important to maintain a commitment to objective analysis and the pursuit of truth. By centering our political values and guarding against compromise, we can avoid becoming instruments of oppression or advancing authoritarian agendas. Open and principled debates, grounded in respect and intellectual rigor, contribute to a healthier public discourse and a better understanding of the complexities of foreign policy.
The Importance of Consistency and Integrity in Comparative Analysis
Consistency and integrity are crucial in comparative analysis to maintain credibility and avoid hypocrisy. Engaging in whataboutism or selective comparisons to deflect criticisms can distort analysis and hinder a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While it is natural to consider different perspectives and acknowledge historical context, it is essential to adhere to guiding principles and evaluate actions objectively. Rather than advancing the interests of specific governments, scholars and researchers should prioritize providing objective and well-informed analysis. Balancing national interests with ethical principles can be challenging, but it is necessary to avoid compromising values and becoming unwitting instruments of oppression. By embracing the middle ground and engaging in thoughtful and respectful debates, society can foster an environment that values intellectual integrity and principled analysis.
Balancing National Interest and Objective Analysis
The role of scholars, researchers, and analysts is to provide objective analysis rather than advancing a specific government's national interest. While governments may have their own priorities, the responsibility of academia and think tanks is to offer impartial and evidence-based assessments. It is crucial to avoid becoming overly reactive to the positions of authoritarian regimes or engaging in whataboutism to deflect criticism. Objective analysis requires assessing actions and policies based on guiding principles, human rights, and democratic values. By doing so, scholars and analysts can contribute to a well-rounded understanding of complex geopolitical dynamics, preserving academic freedom, and providing an inclusive space for debates and discussions. It is important to distinguish personal beliefs and individual bias from rigorous analysis to maintain the integrity of research and uphold ethical standards.
Upholding Values and Ethical Principles in International Debates
In the face of heated debates surrounding international politics, it becomes crucial to uphold values and ethical principles. With discussions centered around China's foreign policy, it is essential to contextualize and critically evaluate different perspectives. While avoiding political bias, scholars and analysts should prioritize intellectual integrity and the pursuit of truth. By engaging in nuanced and respectful debates, we can question actions, compare different countries' behaviors, and hold governments accountable without compromising on principles. It is essential to avoid dichotomous and polarizing discourses and instead foster a climate where open conversations are encouraged. Through this approach, we can navigate complex issues, promote understanding, and work towards a more just and peaceful world.
In this special one-off episode of the pod, Van Jackson joins a panel hosted at Australian National University's Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, alongside Greg Raymond, Ian Hall, and Yun Jiang. The topic: "Whataboutism" and the China debate.
The great American political scientist Seymour Lipset once said, “they that know only one country, know no countries”. This panel addresses the issue of comparisons in our political discourse, and in particular “whataboutism” - the response China critics often make when it is pointed out that other countries have committed egregious actions similar in kind, if not scale, to China. By this, they mean that the comparison raised is a distraction from dealing with China’s actions. But this approach arguably sits uneasily with our desires to avoid double standards. This panel of experts will discuss the ethical and political aspects of “whataboutism”, with a focus on China.
Speakers:
Ian Hall is a Professor in International Relations and the acting Director of the Griffith Asia Institute at Griffith University. He is also an Academic Fellow of the Australia India Institute and a co-editor (with Sara Davies) of the Australian Journal of International Affairs.
Van Jackson is a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington, a Distinguished Fellow at the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, and a Senior Associate Fellow at the Centre for Strategic Studies in Wellington, New Zealand.
Yun Jiang is the inaugural AIIA China Matters Fellow. Prior to this, she was the co-founder and editor of China Neican, and a managing editor of the China Story blog at the Australian Centre on China in the World.
Moderator Gregory Raymond is a lecturer in the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs researching Southeast Asian politics and foreign relations. He is the author of Thai Military Power: A Culture of Strategic Accommodation (NIAS Press 2018) and the lead author of The United States-Thai Alliance: History, Memory and Current Developments (Routledge, 2021).
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